Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements about vaccines is/are correct?

a. A vaccine is an antigen that is injected or swallowed. b. Antigens are treated before being introduced into the body of the person in order to make them relatively harmless. c. Antigens cause the development of active immunity in a patient.

  1. only a

  2. only b

  3. only c

  4. a, b and c

  5. Both a and c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct answer as all the statements about vaccines are correct.

Multiple choice

An evaluation of efficacy of a new vaccine against M. tuberculosis is best done using which of the following markers?

  1. Clinical evaluation of infection incidence in the field post-completion of an immunization programme of susceptible individuals

  2. In vivo IgM antibody responses

  3. In vivo IgG responses

  4. Quantification of Ag-specific T-cells by ELISPOT

  5. Quantification of Ag-specific T-cells by flow cytometric-based intracellular cytokine staining assay
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Clinical evaluation of infection incidence in the field post-completion of an immunization programme of susceptible individuals provides the most important evidence of efficacy. Such data may take 2 or 3 years to be collected, depending on the periodicity of infection with the organism. Long term immunity data is collected over 25 years to check that the provoked immunity is life-long (especially in these days of longer life spans).

Multiple choice

Colostrum refers to

  1. innate immunity

  2. active immunity

  3. passive immunity

  4. adaptive immunity

  5. humoral immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity is also provided through the transfer of IgA antibodies found in clostrum that are transferred to the gut of the infant, protecting against bacterial infections.

Multiple choice

A low molecular weight protein, produced by host cells in response to virus infection that protects other cells against further viral infections is known as

  1. hormone

  2. antigen

  3. interferon

  4. phytotoxin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Interferons are indeed low molecular weight proteins produced by host cells in response to viral infection. They protect other cells by inducing an antiviral state, inhibiting viral replication, and activating immune cells. This is a key component of the innate immune system's defense against viruses. Hormones regulate physiological processes, antigens trigger immune responses, and phytotoxins are plant toxins.