Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are false?

a. Interferons are secreted by the microphages of human body to combat viruses. b. Antibodies are the chemicals produced by bacteria and fungi to kill the pathogen. c. Diseases that are caused by microbes are called non-infectious diseases.

  1. Only a

  2. Only a and b

  3. Only b

  4. Only b and c

  5. Only c
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option as this statement is false. Diseases that are caused by microbes are called infectious diseases.

Multiple choice

Match the following:

 
Disease(s) Vaccine
a. Tuberculosis 1. Polio
b. Poliomyelitis 2. DPT-Hib
c. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B 3. BCG

  1. a - 3, b - 1, c - 2

  2. a - 3, b - 2, c - 1

  3. a - 1, b - 2, c - 3

  4. a - 1, b - 3, c - 2

  5. a - 2, b - 1, c - 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

This is the correct option. The vaccine for tuberculosis is BCG. The vaccine for poliomyelitis is polio. The vaccine for Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis and Haemophilus influenzae type B is DPT-Hib.

Multiple choice

For which disease is BCG vaccine used?

  1. Pertusis

  2. Diptheria

  3. Tetanus

  4. Polio

  5. Tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

It is a vaccine against tuberculosis that is prepared from a strain of the attenuated (weakened) live bovine tuberculosis bacillus, Mycobacterium bovis.

Multiple choice

”At present, it is the typical practice of giving infants 3 vaccines (diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus) at a time. Such immunisation is known as DPT”- What are the constituents of this vaccine?

  1. Alpha and gamma globulins

  2. Gentamycin, Tobramycin and Streptomycin

  3. Activated and inactivated tetanus and diphtheria toxins

  4. Antemortem and Amphotericin B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

DPT consists of inactivated diphtheria toxin known as toxoid, destroys whooping cough microbes and inactivated tetanus toxin known as toxoid. Each of these is obtainable individually or tetanus diphtheria immunisation may be mixed up without whooping cough, then it is known as DT (double toxoid).  Usually DPT is applied in 3 doses at the interval of every month starting at the age of  6 weeks.

Multiple choice

Why is measles vaccine often more expensive than any other immunisation procedure?

  1. Because it needs more than one dose

  2. Because it uses some costly drugs

  3. Because it is fast and quick relieving method

  4. Because it uses gamma globulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Measles vaccine gives protection against red measles only but not against Rubella measles. During vaccination, gamma globulin injection is provided in opposite arms. Usually mild or high fever and rashes are developed specially in children after the vaccination. But all such instances are mild than the measles. Due to the usage of gamma globulin, measles vaccine is more expensive than any other immunisation.

Multiple choice

”There are 2 distinct types of poliomyelitis vaccine: Salk vaccine and Sabin vaccine”- How is Sabin vaccine applied?

  1. As an injection

  2. As sweet syrup

  3. As a capsule

  4. As liquid medicine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Sabin vaccine is administered one type at a time starting at 6 weeks of the age at the interval of each month. It is provided as sweet, cherry-flavoured syrup. Booster dose of trivalent oral vaccine is administered at 1 year of age.

Multiple choice

Humoral immunity defines the production of an antibody and associated processes that go with it involving Th2 activation and production of cytokines, formation of germinal centre and switching of isotype, affinity maturation and generation of memory cell. It also defines the antibody’s effector functions that involve neutralisation of pathogen and toxin, classical complement activation and elimination of pathogen.

”Complement system is the biochemical cascade of innate immunity system which helps plain pathogens from the organism.”- What does it constitute of?

  1. 12 insoluble proteins

  2. 10 soluble proteins

  3. 35 soluble cell-bound proteins

  4. 25 insoluble cell-bound proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Complement system is the biochemical cascade of innate immunity system which helps plain pathogens from the organism. It is inherited from several tiny plasma proteins which work together for interrupting plasma membrane of target cells resulting in cytolysis of cells. Complement system is made up of 35 soluble cell bound proteins, 12 of which are associated directly in complement pathways. Major part of these proteins move on as zymogens that are dormant until proteolytic cleavage. Complement system is associated with the activation of both innate and acquired immunity.

Multiple choice

What is the full form of B.C.G.?

  1. Bacillus Cowpox Guerine

  2. Bacillus Calmette Guinine

  3. Bacillococcus Calmette Guinine

  4. Bacillus Calmette Guerine

  5. Bacillococcus Calmette Guerine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Bacillus Calmette Guerine is the correct answer.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements does not characterise IgG?

  1. It opsonises bacteria.

  2. It crosses the human placenta.

  3. It can fix complement.

  4. It neutralises bacterial toxins.

  5. It appears early in the primary immune response.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

IgM is the class which appears early following the first encounter with a specific antigen.