Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following was a major health mission carried out in 1996?

  1. War against leprosy

  2. Small pox eradication

  3. Pulse polio Immunization

  4. popularisation of oral rehydration therapy
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Pulse Polio Immunization program was launched in India in 1995-96 to eradicate polio through nationwide immunization days. Leprosy elimination programs were from earlier decades, smallpox was eradicated by 1977, and ORT popularization predates 1996.

Multiple choice

An 18-month old child comes to you with history of immunization taken only for a single dose of OPV and DPT. What will you do now?

  1. Re-start the immunization according to age.

  2. Give BCG, Measles and booster doses of OPV and DPT.

  3. Give Measles and booster doses of OPV and DPT.

  4. Give BCG and second doses of OPV and DPT.

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

An 18-month old child has received only one dose each of OPV and DPT (should have completed primary series of 3 doses by 6 months). Standard practice is to complete the vaccination schedule according to age, not restart from scratch. Option B correctly identifies giving BCG (if not given at birth), Measles vaccine (due at 9 months), and booster doses of OPV/DPT to complete protection. Option A incorrectly suggests restarting the entire schedule rather than completing it.

Multiple choice

BCG vaccination helps to control

  1. typhoid

  2. mumps

  3. measles

  4. tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is used to prevent tuberculosis. It contains attenuated Mycobacterium bovis and provides protection against severe forms of TB in children, especially tuberculous meningitis and miliary TB. Typhoid, mumps, and measles have their own specific vaccines (typhoid: Vi polysaccharide/typhoid conjugate; mumps: MMR; measles: MMR). BCG has no protective effect against these diseases.

Multiple choice

BCG vaccine is used for the prevention of which disease in children?

  1. Poliomyelities

  2. Tuberculosis

  3. Cholera

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is specifically used to prevent tuberculosis (TB), particularly in children. It provides protection against severe forms of TB like TB meningitis. It is not used for polio, cholera, or the other diseases listed.

Multiple choice

Chicken pox does not spread through

Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

CHICKEN – POX

Chicken pox, also called Varicella is caused by the Varicella virus. It is marked by a rash of dot like spots all over the body that look like little blisters. The infection is usually accompanied by flu-like symptoms. Varicella is a very contagious disease that spreads from humans to other humans. Every year millions of kids worldwide fall ill due to chicken pox. It usually attacks the very elderly and kids less than twelve years of age. Children with Varicella should stay in bed rest and at home. The infection lasts about two weeks. One has to be very careful because the virus seeks other bodies to infect when the blisters dry and the scabs start coming off. Therefore, unless one is properly healed, he or she should not go to public places or meet friends who have not been vaccinated. Varicella vaccine is now available, and proper vaccination can prevent an infection altogether or allow just a mild attack.

 

  1. personal contact

  2. virus

  3. infection

  4. curse of nature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The passage describes chicken pox as contagious and spreading from humans to humans (personal contact), caused by a virus, and being an infection. Option D 'curse of nature' is not mentioned as a means of spread in the passage - the others (A, B, C) all describe ways it does spread or what it is.

Multiple choice

If a child is vaccinated against varicella, he/she will

Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

CHICKEN – POX

Chicken pox, also called Varicella is caused by the Varicella virus. It is marked by a rash of dot like spots all over the body that look like little blisters. The infection is usually accompanied by flu-like symptoms. Varicella is a very contagious disease that spreads from humans to other humans. Every year millions of kids worldwide fall ill due to chicken pox. It usually attacks the very elderly and kids less than twelve years of age. Children with Varicella should stay in bed rest and at home. The infection lasts about two weeks. One has to be very careful because the virus seeks other bodies to infect when the blisters dry and the scabs start coming off. Therefore, unless one is properly healed, he or she should not go to public places or meet friends who have not been vaccinated. Varicella vaccine is now available, and proper vaccination can prevent an infection altogether or allow just a mild attack.

 

  1. get cured from an attack of chicken pox in less than two weeks

  2. never suffer an attack of chicken- pox

  3. either not suffer an attack of chicken-pox or suffer a very mild attack

  4. not suffer an attack for five years
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states: 'Varicella vaccine is now available, and proper vaccination can prevent an infection altogether or allow just a mild attack.' Option C directly paraphrases this - vaccination can either prevent infection entirely or result in a mild case.

Multiple choice

From the passage, it is clear that

Read the passage and answer the question that follows.

CHICKEN – POX

Chicken pox, also called Varicella is caused by the Varicella virus. It is marked by a rash of dot like spots all over the body that look like little blisters. The infection is usually accompanied by flu-like symptoms. Varicella is a very contagious disease that spreads from humans to other humans. Every year millions of kids worldwide fall ill due to chicken pox. It usually attacks the very elderly and kids less than twelve years of age. Children with Varicella should stay in bed rest and at home. The infection lasts about two weeks. One has to be very careful because the virus seeks other bodies to infect when the blisters dry and the scabs start coming off. Therefore, unless one is properly healed, he or she should not go to public places or meet friends who have not been vaccinated. Varicella vaccine is now available, and proper vaccination can prevent an infection altogether or allow just a mild attack.

 

  1. John Cabot had reached America much before Columbus did

  2. John Cabot could be alive today, though lost in the seas

  3. John Cabot was definitely a better sailor than Columbus

  4. John Cabot was an expert mariner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice

Vaccines which are result of recombinant DNA technology are called:

  1. First generation vaccines

  2. Second generation vaccines

  3. Third generation vaccines

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines produced using recombinant DNA technology are classified as third generation vaccines. First generation vaccines use live-attenuated or inactivated pathogens, while second generation vaccines use purified components like toxoids or subunits. Third generation vaccines represent the modern approach using genetic engineering techniques to produce specific antigens.