Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'contagious', as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. toxic

  2. unwholesome

  3. infectious

  4. serious
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

'Tag' is touch; contagious is a disease contacted by touch with the infected person.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'eradication' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. perforation

  2. annihilation

  3. evacuation

  4. destruction
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Eradication is uproot or wipe out altogether.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'virulent' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. revengeful

  2. large

  3. hostile

  4. real
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Relate virulent with virus.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'intended' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. propelled

  2. borne

  3. assumed

  4. expected
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The vaccine contains a weakened form of microbe 'intended' to fight - meaning it's designed or meant to target that specific disease-causing organism. 'Expected' works well as a synonym here, as the vaccine is designed/anticipated to combat that particular microbe. 'Propelled,' 'borne,' and 'assumed' don't capture the sense of purpose or design.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'immunity' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. protection

  2. resistance

  3. vulnerability

  4. exemption
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Immunity (resistance) is from within; protection is from outside.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'neutralises' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. nullifies

  2. fades

  3. hampers

  4. destroys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The immune system 'neutralises' the microbe - meaning it renders it harmless or eliminates it. 'Destroys' is the best synonym in this medical context because the immune system actively eliminates the target microbe before it can cause harm. While 'nullifies' is linguistically close, 'destroys' better captures the immune system's action of eliminating pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'inoculate' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. instil

  2. treat

  3. inject

  4. protect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

'Noc' is harm; so inoculate is strictly 'protect from harm'.

Multiple choice

Which of the following could replace 'attenuated' as used in the passage?

Directions: Read the following passage carefully and select the most suitable option according to the corresponding number in the passage.

Vaccines
A vaccine is a biological preparation that improves immunity to a particular disease. Vaccines were first used by Edward Jenner (England) in the 1770s to inoculate small pox using the cow microbe. Vaccines have resulted in the eradication of small pox, one of the most contagious and deadly diseases known to man.
A vaccine is usually made from a weakened or attenuated form of the microbe that it is intended to fight. When the body recognizes the virulent microbe attack, it neutralises the target microbe before it can enter body cells.

  1. reduced

  2. narrowed

  3. enfeebled

  4. thinned
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ten/tens is stretch, as in tensile. Attenuate is to weaken by stretching.

Multiple choice

Active immunity is obtained by

  1. antibodies

  2. weakened germs infection

  3. natural resistance

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity results when exposure to a diseased organism triggers the immune system to produce antibodies to that disease. Exposure to the diseased organism can occur through infection with the actual disease (resulting in natural immunity) or introduction of a killed or weakened form of the diseased organism through vaccination (vaccine-induced immunity).

Multiple choice

DPT vaccine is given for

  1. tetanus, polio, plague

  2. diphtheria, whooping cough, leprosy

  3. diphtheria, pneumonia, tetanus

  4. diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DPT is a combination of vaccines used against three infectious diseases - diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus.

Multiple choice

B.C.G. vaccine is used against

  1. T.B.

  2. leprosy

  3. food poisoning

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

B.C.G. is Bacillus Calmette–Guérin. It is a vaccine against tuberculosis.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding vaccine is incorrect?

  1. A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease.

  2. Vaccine contains a substance called antigen, which is recognised by our body's immune system as foreign.

  3. The antigens in vaccines are weakened or killed versions of substances that cause diseases.

  4. Vaccines can be administered against all infectious diseases.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines cannot be administered against all infectious diseases.                 

Multiple choice

The immunoglobulin used in the preparation of caries vaccine for the prevention of dental caries is __________________.

  1. IgG

  2. IgA

  3. IgM

  4. IgD
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

IgA is involved in protection against caries as it inhibits adherence of microorganism to the mucosal surfaces and therefore their disposal by swallowing. IgA is also the major immune globulin in salvia. It is also used in the preparation of caries vaccine for prevention of dental caries because of the above said reason.