Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Triple vaccine DPT provides immunity from the bacterial diseases diphtheria, tetanus, and ________________.

  1. pneumonia

  2. whooping cough

  3. typhoid fever

  4. amoebiasis

  5. polio
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Whooping cough (pertussis) is an infection of the respiratory system caused by the bacterium Bordetella pertussis. DPT refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in human; diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids, and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis.

Multiple choice

By the use of attenuated varicella vaccine, which disease can be prevented?

  1. Influenza

  2. Rubeola

  3. Chickenpox

  4. Hepatitis

  5. Rubella
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The varicella vaccine is a live (attenuated) virus that protects against the viral disease commonly known as chickenpox caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV). The varicella vaccine is marketed as varivax in the U.S and globally as varilrix by glaxosmithkline. Another vaccine that is known as Zostavax is simply a larger than normal dose of varivax, and is used to reduce the risk of shingles also called herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia that are caused by the same virus.

Multiple choice

An antigen is

  1. opposite of an antibody

  2. residue of an antibody

  3. stimulus for antibody formation

  4. result of antibody

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An antigen is a substance (usually protein or polysaccharide) that stimulates antibody formation when introduced into the body. It is the triggering molecule for immune response, not the antibody itself.

Multiple choice

IgG antibodies are very important in fighting bacterial and viral infections. Which among the following statements regarding IgG antibodies is incorrect?

  1. They appear early in the primary immune response.

  2. They neutralise bacterial toxins.

  3. They can fix complement.

  4. They cross the human placenta.

  5. They protect body surfaces that are exposed to foreign substances.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

IgM is the class which appears early following the first encounter with a specific antigen.

Multiple choice

In which of the following conditions will red cross not work? (i) To collect and supply information about epidemic diseases. (ii) To look after maternal and child welfare centres. (iii) To extend all possible first aid in any accident. (iv) To supply information on latest development of vaccines.

  1. Both (i) and (ii)

  2. Both (ii) and (iii)

  3. Both (iii) and (iv)

  4. Both (i) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The main function of Red cross society is to perform activities works in peace time as well as at the time of war.

Multiple choice

The oral poliomyelitis vaccine is a/an

  1. live attenuated vaccine

  2. inactivated vaccine

  3. subunit vaccine

  4. recombinant vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The oral poliomyelitis vaccine is a live attenuated vaccine.

Multiple choice

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is caused by

  1. type 1 mutant strain

  2. type 2 mutant strain

  3. type 3 virulent strain

  4. type 2 wild strain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis (VAPP) is caused by type 3 virulent strain. Occasionally, the mutant strains revert to virulent strain and cause polio.

Multiple choice

The product commercially produced by animal cell culture is

  1. insulin

  2. tissue plasminogen activator

  3. interferon

  4. hepatitis B vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA, option B) is a major commercial product from animal cell culture, specifically produced in CHO (Chinese Hamster Ovary) cells for treating thrombosis and myocardial infarction. While insulin (A) was historically produced in animal pancreas, modern recombinant insulin is produced in E. coli or yeast, not animal cell culture. Interferon (C) and hepatitis B vaccine (D) can be produced in various systems including yeast, bacterial, or mammalian cells, but tPA is the classic example of a large-scale animal cell culture product requiring proper post-translational modification.

Multiple choice

After vaccination, the body builds

  1. antibodies

  2. lymph

  3. plasma

  4. toxins

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccination works by introducing a weakened or inactivated form of a pathogen (or its components) to stimulate the immune system. This triggers the production of specific antibodies that recognize and neutralize the actual pathogen upon future exposure, providing immunity. Option B (lymph) is a fluid, Option C (plasma) is the liquid part of blood, and Option D (toxins) are harmful substances produced by pathogens.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases is cured by BPL vaccine?

  1. Rabies

  2. Malaria

  3. Sore throat

  4. Tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

BPL (Beta-Propiolactone) is an inactivating agent historically used to produce rabies vaccines. In older medical literature, 'BPL vaccine' referred specifically to rabies vaccines prepared using BPL inactivation. Malaria (B) is treated with antimalarial drugs, not vaccines; sore throat (C) is usually bacterial/viral infection; TB (D) uses BCG vaccine, not BPL.