Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice biology diseases and immunity pathogen and their mode of transmission classification of microbes infectious diseases

Which of the following is not a preventive measure for rabies?

  1. Vaccination programmes

  2. Immunization

  3. Immunoglobulin treatment

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Animal control and vaccination programs have decreased the risk of rabies from dogs in a number of regions of the world. Immunizing people before they are exposed is recommended for those who are at high risk. Immunoglobulins are effective in preventing the disease if the person receives the treatment before the start of rabies symptoms.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination thymus thymus gland pineal gland and thymus

Which of the following statements is/are INCORRECT regarding the immune system of an adult human being when compared to a child?

  1. Thymus degenerates in old individuals
    resulting in a decreased production of thymosins

  2. The immune responses of old persons become weak

  3. The immunity of old person becomes weak

  4. Vaccination is mostly given in childhood as an immune response is weaker in children
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B Correct answer
Explanation

The thymus gland is a lobular structure located between the lungs behind sternum on the ventral side of the aorta. The thymus plays a major role in the development of the immune system.
 Thymosins play a major role in the differentiation of T-lymphocytes, which provide cell-mediated immunity. In addition, thymosins also promote the production of antibodies to provide humoral immunity. 
 the immune responses of old persons become weak because Thymus is degenerated in old individuals resulting in a decreased production of thymosins.
So, the correct option is 'Both A and B'.

Multiple choice zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Vaccines prepared through recombinant DNA technology are called

  1. First generation vaccines

  2. Second generation vaccines

  3. Third generation vaccines

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The first generation vaccines consist of live attenuated/ heat killed vaccines in which whole organisms in the weakened live form or heat killed form are injected. Sevcond generation vaccines are those vaccines in which the whole organism is not given. Instead of this a portion called the subunit, which may contain a protein section of the pathogen is given. Third generation vaccines are those in which recombinant techniques are used for the production of vaccines. In this technique DNA encoding the antigen is inserted into a vector which will be recognised as a pathogen in the host. Such that the host immune system generates an immune response against the vector and thereby the antigen. So, the correct answer is 'Third generation vaccines'.

Multiple choice zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Hepatitis - B vaccine is 

  1. First generation vaccine

  2. Second generation vaccine

  3. Third generation vaccine

  4. Fourth generation vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

They are three types of vaccines on basis of organism or its part used as antigen.

First generation :They are live/ attenuated pathogen(inactivated)or heat killed pathogen is used.As in BCG vaccine.
Second generation :They are prepared by genetic engineering which contain subsection as protein form or toxoids in case of bacteria.As in hepatitis B vaccine.
Third generation :They are artificially synthesized .It can be recombinant vector vaccines where antigen is a sub-unit of the pathogen and is integrated into another virus against which we have been known to mount  a decent response and then such virus multiplies in a bacteria.As in Ebola vaccine.Hence hepatitis-B vaccine is a second generation vaccine.
So, the correct answer is "second generation vaccine". 

Multiple choice zoology human health and diseases vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The letter B in the name BCG vaccination stands for

  1. Brief

  2. Ben-ben

  3. Bacteria

  4. Bacillus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
BCG  vaccine stands for Bacillus Calmette–Guérin vaccine. The letter B in the name BCG vaccination stands for bacillus. BCG vaccine is a vaccine primarily used against tuberculosis(TB). BCG vaccine can be administered after birth intradermally.
So, the correct answer is 'Bacillus'.
Multiple choice biology immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Vaccination against smallpox means the introduction into our body of

  1. Leucocytes obtained from an animal

  2. Antibodies produced in other animals

  3. Antibodies

  4. Actual weakened germs or attenuated smallpox virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Smallpox vaccine is produced from the artificially attenuated smallpox virus. The administration of this vaccine ios called as vaccination against smallpox. As on administration of this vaccine, our body develops immunity against the particular virus.

Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The most modern technique of vaccine preparation is

  1. Extraction of antigens from pathogens

  2. Multiplication of antigens through DNA technique

  3. Weakening of pathogen through chemical treatment

  4. Attenuation of pathogen through heat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Recombinant DNA technology allows for the production of specific antigens without using the whole pathogen, which is the most modern and safe technique.

Multiple choice biology immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Hepatitis B vaccine is

  1. Combined vaccine

  2. Recombinant antigen vaccine

  3. Polysaccharide vaccine

  4. DNA vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Hepatitis B vaccine is a vaccine that prevents hepatitis B.
  •  The first dose is recommended within 24 hours of birth with either two or three more doses given after that. 
  • The vaccine is given by injection into a muscle. Serious side effects of the hepatitis B vaccine are very uncommon. Pain may occur at the site of injection.
  •  The current vaccines are produced with recombinant DNA techniques.
  • Hence, the Hepatitis B vaccine is Recombinant antigen vaccine.
  •   So, the correct answer is 'Recombinant antigen vaccine'.
Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

BCG vaccine is given to prevent

  1. Tuberculosis

  2. Leprosy

  3. Food poisoning

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin, a vaccine given for protection against tuberculosis (T.B.) which is an airborne disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Mark the correct options

  1. The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complication from the disease
  2. It protects about $70$ to $90$ percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease

  3. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

What is induced in (polio) vaccination?

  1. Antibodies

  2. Antigen

  3. Antibiotics

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used - an inactivated poliovirus (antigen) given by injection and a weakened poliovirus (antigen) given by mouth. The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. Mild redness or pain may occur at the site of injection. Oral polio vaccines cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.

So, the correct answer is 'Antigen'.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

DPT vaccine acts against

  1. Diphtheria, Wooping cough, Tetanus

  2. Diarrhoea, Polio, Tetanus

  3. Diphtheria, Polio, Tetanus

  4. Diarrhoea, Whooping cough, Tetanus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis (wP). So, the correct option is "A" (Diphtheria, Wooping cough, Tetanus).

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The vaccine of Hepatitis-B is a

  1. First generation vaccine

  2. Interferon

  3. Second generation vaccine

  4. Third gereration vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Second generation vaccines were developed to reduce the risks from live vaccines. These are subunit vaccines, consisting of defined protein antigen like tetanus or diphtheria toxoid or recombinant protein components like hepatitis B surface antigen.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

BCG Stand for

  1. Bacterial cell genome

  2. Bacillus Calmette Guerin

  3. Bacteria culture growth

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin, a vaccine given for protection against tuberculosis which is an airborne disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Oral vaccine is given for

  1. Polio

  2. Smallpox

  3. Diphtheria

  4. Tetanus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed in 1961 by Albert Sabin. OPV consists of a mixture of live, attenuated (weakened) polio virus strains of all three polio virus types. Rotavirus liquid vaccines are also given by mouth (orally) to infants.