Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

DTP vaccine is given to infants to immunise them against

  1. Diphtheria, pneumonia and typhoid

  2. Diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus

  3. Diarrhoea, pneumonia and tuberculosis

  4. Diphtheria, whooping cough and typhoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The oral polio vaccine contains what kind of viruses ________

  1. Live viruses

  2. Killed viruses

  3. Heat killed viruses

  4. Harmful viruses
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Explanation: The oral polio vaccine contains a live attenuated virus, that is, the live virus that is capable of multiplying but generally incapable of causing infection. The injectable polio vaccine contains the killed virus.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

A disease for which vaccination is not available is

  1. Malaria

  2. Measles

  3. Cholera

  4. Tetanus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The complexity of the malaria parasite makes the development of a malaria vaccine a very difficult task. Vaccines are based on triggering an immune response in humans that is known to protect against an infection but there is no such response to malaria in humans.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

What can mostly prevent the chicken pox?

  1. A pill can prevent it

  2. It cannot be prevented

  3. It can be prevented by a vaccine

  4. It is prevented by a plant
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Explanation: Because chickenpox is airborne and is so contagious before the rash appears, it is difficult to avoid. A chickenpox vaccine is available. It is about 100 per cent effective against moderate or severe illness, and 85 or 90 per cent effective against mild chickenpox.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The absolute contraindication for administration of pertussis vaccine is

  1. Diarrhoea

  2. Fever

  3. Malnutrition

  4. Convulsions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

after having pertussis vaccine for whooping cough, infants and children had convulsions which are the involuntary contraction of muscles.

So the correct option is D.

Multiple choice zoology our health introduction to health and disease health and its failure health and its significance

Hepatitis B and Herpes virus vaccines are

  1. First generation vaccines

  2. Second generation vaccines

  3. Third generation vaccines

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

First generation vaccines carry the live, 'damaged' or dead entire organism. They impart immunity by inducing the antibody immune response and the immune resposes entailing killer and helper T-cells. Since the attenuated vaccines can still turn into the toxic form and could cause disease; the second generation vaccines were developed which are made up of protein antigens or recombinant proteins and function by inducing antibody responses, but not killer T cell responses. The third generation vaccines are the DNA vaccines which have a round small modified bacterial DNA and release one or more particular antigens. The Hepatitis B and Herpes virus vaccines carry hepatitis B surface antigen and thus are the second generation vaccines. 

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

Character(s) of acquired immunity is (are) :-

  1. Differentiation between self and non-self

  2. Specificity of antigen

  3. Retains memory

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Acquired immunity is developed after birth. It is produced after getting exposed to antigens hence it is specific in nature. Acquired immunity creates immunological memory after an initial response to a specific pathogen, and leads to an enhanced response to subsequent encounters with that pathogen.

Acquired immunity relies on the capacity of immune cells to distinguish between the body's own cells and unwanted invaders. The host's cells express "self" antigens. These antigens are different from those on the surface of bacteria or on the surface of virus-infected host cells ("non-self" or "foreign" antigens).
So, the correct option is 'All of the above'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

______ immunity is divided as natural and artificial acquired immunity.

  1. Adaptive

  2. Responsive

  3. Innate

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Adaptive immunity is often sub-divided into two major types depending on how the immunity was introduced. 'Naturally acquired immunity' occurs through contact with a disease causing agent, when the contact was not deliberate, whereas 'artificially acquired immunity' develops only through deliberate actions such as vaccination.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

............... is/are the characteristic/s of acquired immunity 

  1. Specificity of antigen

  2. Difference between self and non-self

  3. Memory retention

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Acquired immunity or adaptive immunity develops following exposure to an antigen and is mediated by B lymphocytes or T lymphocytes or both, having a specific surface receptor for the same antigen.
Following are the characteristics of acquired immunity:

  • Diversity: They can respond to millions of different antigens.
  • Antibody specificity: Ability of the antibody to recognize the specific antigen (even antigen molecule differing by a single amino acid). The response is directed only towards the initiated pathogen.
  • Immunologic memory: Once recognized and responded to an antigen, the system is able to respond more strongly to subsequent exposure even after many years.
  • Discrimination between self and non-self: It can differentiate self-cells (host cells) from foreign cells and molecules. Only foreign particles are attacked. Failure of this discrimination results in auto-immune diseases.
Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunity and blood groups active and passive immunity acquired immunity innate and acquired immunity

A molecule that produces an immune response is

  1. Antigen

  2. Antibody

  3. Carcinogen

  4. Mutagen
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An antigen is a foreign substance which produces an immune response and is specifically bound to antibodies. Each antibody is specifically produced by the immune system to match an antigen after cells in the immune system come into contact with it, this allows a precise identification or matching of the antigen. Antigens are usually proteins, peptides and polysaccharides which elicit an immune response.

So, the correct answer is 'Antigen'.