Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

An example of innate immunity is 

  1. PMNL-neutrophilis

  2. B-lymphocytes

  3. T-lymphocytes

  4. TH-cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity refers to nonspecific defence mechanisms that come into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. These mechanisms include physical barriers such as skin, chemicals in the blood, and immune system cells such as neutrophils that attack foreign cells in the body.  Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL - neutrophils) are the granulocytes characterized by the presence of granules in their cytoplasm. They provide innate immunity.

So, the correct answer is 'PMNL-neutrophils'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

People administered with preformed antibodies get

  1. Active immunity

  2. Passive immunity

  3. Innate immunity

  4. Auto-immunity

  5. Natural-immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • Passive immunity is the transfer of active humoral immunity of ready-made antibodies (exogenous) or preformed antibodies. Passive immunity can occur naturally, when maternal antibodies are transferred to the fetus through the placenta, and it can also be induced artificially when high levels of antibodies specific to a pathogen or toxin are transferred to non-immune persons through blood products that contain antibodies. People administered with preformed antibodies get 'Passive immunity'.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Passive immunity'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which of the following is not a component of nonspecific defense?

  1. Mucous membrane

  2. Phagocutosis

  3. Lusozome

  4. Killer T-cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The second line of defence involves non-specific cellular and molecular responses of the innate immune system because these defences do not differentiate between different types of the pathogen and respond the same way upon every infection. Mucous membrane, phagocytes and lysozyme are all involved in a non-specific defence mechanism, whereas, killer T-cells or cytotoxic T-cells provide the third line of defence.

So, the correct answer is 'Killer T-cells'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Which is correctly matched

  1. Antitetanous and anitisnake bite injections -Active immunity

  2. Ploymorphonuclear leucocytes and monocytes-Cellular barrier

  3. Saliva in mouth and tears in eyes -Physical barriers

  4. Mucus coating epithelium ,urinogenital tract and HCL in stomach-Physiological barriers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Polymorphonuclear leucocytes (neutrophils) and monocytes are key components of the cellular barrier in the innate immune system, which phagocytose pathogens.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

The cytokine barrier among these is 

  1. Polymorphonuclear neutrophil

  2. Monocyte

  3. NK cells

  4. Interferon

  5. Macrophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

  • Cytokine inhibits viral replication.
  • They form an innate immune system by forming physical barriers. 
  •  Virus-infected cells secrete proteins called interferons which protect non-infected cells from a further viral infection is a cytokine barrier. Hence, The cytokine barrier among these is interferon.
Sp, the correct answer is 'interferon'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

A person was saved from poisonous snake bite by antivenom injection . Which of the following immunity explain this form of protection ?

  1. Naturally acquired active immunity

  2. Artificially acquired active immunity

  3. Naturally acquired passive immunity

  4. Artificially acquire passive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Artificially acquired passive immunity explains this form of protection. When performed antibodies are directly injected into the body, it is known as artificial passive immunity. It provides the quick immune response. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain performed antibodies against snake venom. This type of immunisation is passive immunisation.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health immunity and the lines of immunity immune system of the body immunity and blood groups

Passive actively acquired immunity can be activated by all except.

  1. Attenuated microorganism

  2. Through hyper immune serum

  3. Through convalescent serum

  4. Through pooled gamma-globulin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Passive immunity involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies (serum, gamma-globulin). Attenuated microorganisms are used in vaccines to stimulate the body to produce its own antibodies, which is the definition of active immunity.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Vaccines are generally administered to _________

  1. Children

  2. Youngsters

  3. Elderly people

  4. It can be administered in all aged people
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines are generally administered in children. When a disease carrying microbe enters our body, the body produces antibodies to fight the invader. The body also remembers how to fight the microbe if it enters again. The antibodies remain in the body and we are protected from the disease causing microbes.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity antibodies antibodies and antitoxin antigen and antibody

Which disease has been eradicated from most part of the world due to worldwide vaccine campaign ?

  1. Malaria

  2. Tetanus

  3. Small pox

  4. AIDS
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A worldwide campaign against smallpox has finally led to its eradication from most parts of the world.The other campaign are against polio,cholera,tuberculosis also led in most part of the world.

Multiple choice biology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Which of the following cells does not exhibit phagocytic activity?

  1. Monocytes

  2. Neutrophil

  3. Basophil

  4. Macrophage
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Phagocytes have the ability to phagocytose or kill foreign cells and particles like pathogens by ingesting them. Many blood cells have this function, including monocytes, neutrophils and macrophages. Basophils do not have phagocytic activity.

Thus, the correct answer is 'Basophil.'

Multiple choice biology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Collecting of WBCs at the site of injury occurs due to

  1. Phagocytotis

  2. Hemolysis

  3. Diapedesis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
A. Phagocytosis is a process of cell eating in which a cell engulfs a particle and digests it.
B. Hemolysis is a process of rupture of red blood cells which release their contents into the blood plasma or any other surrounding fluid.
C. Diapedesis is the process of passage of WBCs or leucocytes from the capillaries towards the site of injury.
So, the correct answer is 'Diapedesis'.
Multiple choice biology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Which of these are phagocytic in nature

  1. Neutrophil, monocyte and basophil

  2. Neutrophil, monocyte and macrophage

  3. Neutrophil, basophil and macrophage

  4. Acidophil, basophil and lymphocyte
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Among the White blood cells (WBCs) four cells have the phagocytic ability. The neutrophils, monocytes, eosionophils and basophils. The basophils and the eosinophils have very less phagocytic ability when compared to the phagocytic ability of neutrophils and monocytes. When monocytes leave the blood and enter tissue spaces they grow and modify to form macrophages which still have the phagocytic ability. Thus, the correct option is B.

Multiple choice biology immunity phagocytosis cells in immune system immune system, its cells, mediators and antigens

Heparin present normally in blood is formed by

  1. Granulocytes

  2. Clumped platelets

  3. Mast cell granules

  4. Monocytes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Mast cells are a type of white blood cells (WBCs) or leucocytes and contain many granules. Their granules are rich in heparin and histamine. They are formed from myeloid stem cells which are part of immune system. These cells release heparin which is an anticoagulant and prevents the clotting of blood in blood vessels by inactivating the clotting factors. Heparin is also released from basophils which are an another type of white blood cells.
So, the correct answer is 'Mast cell granules'.