Vaccination and Immunity

These days vaccines are made on a large scale from micro organism to protect humans, animals and plants from several diseases.

A vaccine can be defined as a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened (attenuated) or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and keep a record of it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these micro-organisms that it later encounters. 

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough) and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. Generally, vaccines are composed of the surface proteins of the virus, extracted from the blood serum of the infected patients.
Thus, the correct answer is option (C), 'Serum'.

A vaccine contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbes, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it and keep a record of it so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microbes that it later encounter.
Antibiotics are a type of antimicrobial, used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infection.
The serum is the clear yellowish fluid which is obtained upon separating whole blood into its solid and liquid components after it has been allowed to clot.
Antitoxins are antibodies that counteract a toxin.

• A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins.
• Smallpox vaccine was discovered by Edward Jenner. It was the first successful vaccine ever to be developed and remains the only effective preventive treatment for the fatal smallpox disease.
• Hence Safe and effective means of producing artificial immunity against smallpox by the vaccine was first discovered by Edward Jenner.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'Edward Jenner'.

A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. 

A vaccine is a biological preparation which provides active acquired immunity to a particular disease. A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened (attenuated) or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it and keep a record of it so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it later encounters.

The discovery of the germ theory of disease by Louis Pasteur in the 19th century led to the development of vaccines, which have saved millions of lives.

Pfizer and Moderna, American pharmaceutical companies, are credited with developing the first mRNA vaccines approved for use against COVID-19 in 2020. mRNA vaccines work by introducing genetic material that encodes for a specific protein found on the surface of the virus, triggering an immune response without the need for a live virus. This breakthrough in vaccine technology has the potential to revolutionize the way we prevent and treat infectious diseases.

Vaccinations are a preventive measure that helps to protect individuals from infectious diseases by stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies against specific pathogens.

Toxoid vaccines are not a type of vaccine. They are used to prevent diseases caused by toxins, rather than viruses or bacteria.

Antibiotics are not effective against viruses, which cause many infectious diseases. Handwashing, social distancing, and vaccination are all effective strategies for preventing the spread of infectious diseases.