Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Mark the correct options

  1. The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complication from the disease
  2. It protects about $70$ to $90$ percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease

  3. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The varicella vaccine has resulted in a decrease in the number of cases and complications from the disease. It protects about 70 to 90 percent of people from disease with a greater benefit for severe disease. Routine immunization of children is recommended in many countries. Immunization within three days of exposure may improve outcomes in children. Treatment of those infected may include calamine lotion to help with itching, keeping the fingernails short to decrease injury from scratching, and the use of paracetamol (acetaminophen) to help with fevers.

So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

What is induced in (polio) vaccination?

  1. Antibodies

  2. Antigen

  3. Antibiotics

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Polio vaccines are vaccines used to prevent poliomyelitis (polio). Two types are used - an inactivated poliovirus (antigen) given by injection and a weakened poliovirus (antigen) given by mouth. The inactivated polio vaccines are very safe. Mild redness or pain may occur at the site of injection. Oral polio vaccines cause vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis.

So, the correct answer is 'Antigen'.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

DPT vaccine acts against

  1. Diphtheria, Wooping cough, Tetanus

  2. Diarrhoea, Polio, Tetanus

  3. Diphtheria, Polio, Tetanus

  4. Diarrhoea, Whooping cough, Tetanus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) is a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the bacterium that causes pertussis (wP). So, the correct option is "A" (Diphtheria, Wooping cough, Tetanus).

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The vaccine of Hepatitis-B is a

  1. First generation vaccine

  2. Interferon

  3. Second generation vaccine

  4. Third gereration vaccine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Second generation vaccines were developed to reduce the risks from live vaccines. These are subunit vaccines, consisting of defined protein antigen like tetanus or diphtheria toxoid or recombinant protein components like hepatitis B surface antigen.
Therefore, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

BCG Stand for

  1. Bacterial cell genome

  2. Bacillus Calmette Guerin

  3. Bacteria culture growth

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

BCG stands for Bacillus Calmette Guerin, a vaccine given for protection against tuberculosis which is an airborne disease, caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.  

Thus, the correct answer is option B. 

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Oral vaccine is given for

  1. Polio

  2. Smallpox

  3. Diphtheria

  4. Tetanus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The oral polio vaccine (OPV) was developed in 1961 by Albert Sabin. OPV consists of a mixture of live, attenuated (weakened) polio virus strains of all three polio virus types. Rotavirus liquid vaccines are also given by mouth (orally) to infants.

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The vaccine triple antigen is given to children to protect them against

  1. Tetanus, Diphtheria and Whooping cough

  2. Polio, Tuberculosis and Diphtheria

  3. Diphtheria, Polio and Tetanus

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Triple antigen vaccine is a combination of diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (or whooping cough). The vaccine stimulates the production of antibodies to immunize the body against the causative agents of the three viruses.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

DTP vaccine is given to infants to immunize them against

  1. Diptheria, pneumonia and typhoid

  2. Diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus

  3. Diarrhoea, pneumonia and tuberculosis

  4. Diptheria, whooping cough and typhoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP). 

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

BCG vaccine contains

  1. Live but attenuated bacteria

  2. Killed bacteria

  3. Toxoids against TB-bacteria

  4. Antibodies against bacteria
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The BCG vaccine contains a live but weakened form of a type of bacteria called Mycobacterium bovis which causes tuberculosis (TB) in cattle. The bacteria are altered so that they do not cause a TB infection, but stimulate the immune system to make resistant to the disease. The vaccine is known as BCG because a strain of the bacterium known as Bacillus Calmette-Guerin is used. 

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DPT is administered to prevent

  1. Diphtheria

  2. Pertussis

  3. Tetanus

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

DPT vaccine is given to infants to immunize them against 

  1. Diphtheria, pneumonia and typhoid

  2. Diphtheria, whooping cough and tetanus

  3. Diarrhoea, pneumonia and tuberculosis

  4. Diphtheria, whooping cough and typhoid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

The vaccine triple antigen is given to children to protect them against diphtheria

  1. Polio and Tetanus

  2. Whooping cough and Tetanus

  3. Whooping cough and Tuberculosis

  4. Polio and Tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
DTP is a triple antigen vaccine is meant to protect against 3 diseases – diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis (or whooping cough). The DTPa (DPaT) is given as part of the childhood vaccination schedule at 2, 4 and 6 months of age, then again at 4 years of age.
Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

DTP vaccine is given to protect the diseases like

  1. Diphtheria, polio and tuberculosis

  2. Diphtheria, whooping cough, tetanus

  3. Diarrhoea, polio, tetanus

  4. Diarrhoea, pertussis, tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
DPT (also DTP and DTwP) refers to a class of combination vaccines against three infectious diseases in humans: diphtheria, pertussis (whooping cough), and tetanus. The vaccine components include diphtheria and tetanus toxoids and killed whole cells of the organism that causes pertussis (wP).
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
Multiple choice immune system vaccination biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

In vaccination

  1. Globular proteins with live disease causing germ is injected

  2. A weakened or dead disease causing germ is administered in small doses

  3. General and local anaesthetics are applied to the patient

  4. Affected part of the human body is amputed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Vaccines cause the body to build immunity against infectious diseases without causing the actual disease. Vaccines can be made by weakened or dead disease causing microorganisms like bacteria or virus. The administration of small dose of vaccine causes the formation antibodies which provides immunity. 
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.
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The vaccines contains:


a) Derivatives of microbes
b) Dead or weakened microbes
c) Products of microbes

  1. a, b

  2. b, c

  3. c, d

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines are suspensions of killed or weakened microbes or products or derivatives of micro organisms. A vaccine produces immunity to a disease by stimulating the production of antibodies.