Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

.......... is an antiviral substance produced by animals in response to viral infection.

  1. Antigen

  2. Repressor protein

  3. Antivirin

  4. Interferon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the immune system is activated due to the viral infection or other immune response the white blood cells in our body produces Interferons (are a group of proteins called cytokines).Interferons suppress the viral multiplication.
  • The name of the interferons comes from their ability to interfere with the production of new virus particles. Interferons do not directly kill viral or cancerous cells; they boost the immune system response and reduce the growth of cancer cells by regulating the activity of several genes that control the secretion of numerous cellular proteins that affect growth.
  • Hence Interferon is an antiviral substance produced by animals in response to viral infection'.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Interferon'.
Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Interferons are produced in response to antigens

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Interferon was named for its ability to interfere with viral proliferation. The various forms of interferon are the body’s most rapidly produced and important defense against viruses. Interferons can also combat bacterial and parasitic infections, inhibit cell division, and promote or impede the differentiation of cells. They are produced by all vertebrate animals and possibly by some invertebrates as well.

Interferons are categorized as cytokines, small proteins that are involved in intercellular signaling. Interferon is secreted by cells in response to stimulation by a virus or other foreign substance, but it does not directly inhibit the virus’s multiplication. Rather, it stimulates the infected cells and those nearby to produce proteins that prevent the virus from replicating within them.

So, the correct option is 'False'.

Multiple choice animal diseases economic importance of bacteria and fungi bacteria keeping diseases away biology

Example of bioweapon ___________.

  1. Anthrax

  2. Cholera

  3. Plague

  4. Ebola

  5. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Example of Bioweapon_


(1) Anthrax:-  It is caused by a spore-forming bacterium. It mainly affects animals. Humans can become infected through contact with an infected animal or by inhaling spores.

(2) Cholera:- A bacteria disease causing severe diarrhea and dehydration usually spread in water.

(3) Plague:-  The bubonic plague is caused by the disease yersinia pestis. It can spread through contact with infected fleas.

(4) Ebola:-   A virus that causes severe bleeding, organ failure and can lead to death. The human may spread the virus to other humans through contact with bodily fluids such as blood.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

Symptomatic treatment needs which of the following procedures?

  1. Medicine

  2. Vaccine

  3. Sugery

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Symptomatic treatment addresses the symptoms rather than the root cause. This involves medicines to relieve symptoms and sometimes surgery to correct underlying issues. Vaccines are preventive, not symptomatic treatments. The answer combines medicine and surgery as both can treat symptoms.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

A boy happens to put his foot on a rusted nail and the doctor gives him an injection. Most likely he has been given

  1. OPV

  2. BCG

  3. ATS

  4. Tetanospasmin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
When an injury happens to a person then there is a chance of development of tetanus due to bacterial infection. ATS is anti-tetanus serum which is given to the injured. It is used for both preventing and curing tetanus.
So the correct answer is 'ATS'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Which of the following are the properties of acquired immunity?

  1. Specificity

  2. Diversity

  3. Immunological memory

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Specificity- It is the ability to differentiate between various foreign molecules.
B. Diversity- It can recognize a vast variety of foreign molecules,
C. Immunological memory- When the immune system encounters a specific foreign agent for the first time, it generates an immune response and eliminates the invader. This is called the first encounter. The immune system retains the memory of the first encounter. As a result, a second encounter occurs more quickly and abundantly than the first encounter.

So, the correct answer is "All the above".
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Immunity tolerance is  developed by  

  1. Interaction with the antigen

  2. By giving antibodies

  3. Present by birth

  4. By giving antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Immunity tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immune tolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism or It is the prevention of an immune response against a particular antigen.
  • For example, the immune system is generally tolerant of self-antigens, so it does not usually attack the body's own cells, tissues, and organs. However, when tolerance is lost, disorders like autoimmune disease or food allergy may occur.
  • Hence Immunity tolerance is developed by interaction with the antigen.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Interaction with the antigen'.
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Passive immunity is defined as immunity

  1. inherited from the parents

  2. achieved through vaccination

  3. acquired through first exposure to the disease

  4. achieved through the sera of other animals enriched in antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immunity is said to be passive when antibodies produced in other organisms (their sera) are injected into a person who already has a potential antigen in his body. Administration of antibody against tetanus, botulism etc. makes large amounts of antitoxin immediately available to neutralize the toxins.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Innate immunity is by virtue of .................

  1. Physical appearance

  2. Genetic constitutional make-up

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity also called natural or native immunity. This immunity is by virtue of genetic constitutional make-up. It is there in the body without any external stimulation or a previous infection.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Which of the following correctly exemplifies acquisition of active immunity by a person?

  1. A person who has recovered from an attack of mumps, develops natural active immunity

  2. When ready-made antibiotics are directly injected into a person's body to protect him against foreign agents, then he acquires artificial active immunity

  3. When a person is vaccinated for a disease then he acquires natural active immunity for that disease

  4. When antibody is transferred from mother to the fetus through placenta then the developing baby acquires artificial active immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Recovering from a natural infection like mumps triggers the body's immune system to create memory cells and antibodies, which is natural active immunity.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Incorrect statement about non-specific immunity

  1. It includes barriers of defence

  2. It developed by contract with pathogen

  3. It operates faster

  4. It is inherited
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-specific immunity operates fast and it is inherited genetically and it is developed by contact with a pathogen but it does not act as a barrier of defence.

So the correct option is 'It includes barriers of defence.'

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

How many statements given below are the examples of "Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity".
A. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain preformed antibodies against the snake venom.
B. The fetus recieves some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy
C. Colostrum secreted by mother during the initial day of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant.
D. 'ATS' (Anti-tetanus serum) provides temporary protection in case of injuries and burns

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The foetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy and colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. These are the two examples of naturally acquired passive immunity.

So, the correct option is 'two'

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

The immunity developed after the body has recovered from a disease is called

  1. natural acquired active immunity

  2. natural acquired passive immunity

  3. artificial acquired active immunity

  4. artificial acquired passive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Natural acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.

So, the correct option is 'Natural acquired active immunity'.