Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Interferons are made in our body against

  1. viral infections

  2. bacterial infections

  3. protozoan infections

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interferons are a group of signaling proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several viruses.

Multiple choice

Antigens

  1. produce microbes

  2. produce an immune response

  3. produce diseases

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antigens are molecules that the immune system recognizes as foreign, triggering an immune response such as the production of antibodies.

Multiple choice

A wasp's stinger contains venom that is transmitted to humans during a sting. Which of the following statements regarding wasp venom desensitisation is correct?

  1. Wasp venom desensitisation is only indicated if there is a history of two or more severe reactions to wasp stings.

  2. Wasp venom desensitisation is associated with adverse reactions in less than 30% of treated patients.

  3. It is effective after a 5-week course of injections.

  4. It is only successful in those in whom total serum IgE levels are reduced.

  5. It is probably effective by increasing levels of antigen specific Tregs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Wasp venom desensitisation is probably effective by increasing levels of antigen specific Tregs (as well as the production of specific blocking IgG antibodies) and so inhibiting CD4 T cells in their production of IL-4 and IL-13 that aid IgE production.

Multiple choice

Which of the following is also known as immune interferon?

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or tumor cells. They allow for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors

  1. IFN-α

  2. IFN-β

  3. IFN-γ.

  4. IFN-ω

  5. IFN-ν
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Produced by stimulated T-lymphocyte and hence, also called immune interferon.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

1.         Under the guidelines of WHO, the MMR vaccine is administered for immunisation from Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Autism. 2.         Anaphylaxis is an extremely rare, but serious allergic reaction to the vaccine.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Statement 1: It is incorrect. The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR-vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunisation vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection. It was first developed by Maurice Hilleman while at Merck. Statement 2: It is correct. Anaphylaxis is an extremely rare, but serious allergic reaction to the vaccine and its component vaccines. Attenuvax is component vaccine against measles. Mumpsvax is component vaccine against mumps & Meruvax II is component vaccine against rubella. MMR II is supplied freeze-dried (lyophilized) and contains live viruses.

Multiple choice

P, Q, R and S are four types of dangerous microbes recently found in a human habitat. The area of each circle with its diameter printed in brackets represents the growth of a single microbe surviving human immunity system within 24 hours of entering the body. The danger to human beings varies proportionately with the toxicity, potency and growth attributed to a microbe shown in the figure below.

A pharmaceutical company is contemplating the development of a vaccine against the most dangerous microbe. Which microbe should the company target in its first attempt?

  1. P

  2. Q

  3. R

  4. S

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice

P, Q, R and S are four types of dangerous microbes recently found in a human habitat. The area of each circle with its diameter printed in brackets represents the growth of a single microbe surviving human immunity system within 24 hours of entering the body. The danger to human beings varies proportionately with the toxicity, potency and growth attributed to a microbe shown in the figure below:

A pharmaceutical company is contemplating the development of a vaccine against the most dangerous microbe. Which microbe should the company target in its first attempt?

  1. P

  2. Q

  3. R

  4. S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Thus $D_s$ is maximum and it is most dangerous among them and it is targeted in first attempt.

Multiple choice

The horse has played a little known but very important role in the field of medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood built up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to fight with diphtheria and tetanus were developed this way. It can be inferred from the passage, that horses were

  1. given immunity to diseases

  2. generally quite immune to diseases

  3. given medicines to fight toxins

  4. given diphtheria and tetanus serums
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states horses were injected with toxins until their blood built up immunities. This means they were actively given the ability to resist the diseases.