Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

A certain bacteria in the intestines of hens and other fowls form a non-resistant strain that renders the animals immune to respiratory tract infection. Humans currently must be supplied with vaccines in order to be rendered immune to respiratory tract infection. So if genetic engineering technology can succeed in introducing bacteria that can survive in the human intestine, the need for vaccines will be reduced.

Which one of the following is a presupposition of the above argument?

  1. The bacteria would produce the non-resistant strain in human intestines.

  2. This is currently the only bacteria strain that must be countered by a vaccine.

  3. There have been no attempts to create vaccines from the bacteria present in the intestines of some birds.

  4. Hens are currently the only birds that can produce its own protection against influenza.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

For the bacteria to help people in the same way that it helps hens, the bacteria must work in the same manner in humans as it does in hens.

Multiple choice

The treatment of snake-bite by antivenine is an example of

  1. artificially acquired active immunity

  2. artificially acquired passive immunity

  3. naturally acquired passive immunity

  4. specific natural immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 The treatment of snakebite by antivenin is an example of artificially acquired passive immunity.

Multiple choice

A bio-weapon agent used through letters in Sep-2001 was :

  1. Small pox

  2. Anthrax powder

  3. Plague bacteria

  4. AIDS virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In September and October 2001, several cases of anthrax broke out in the United States in the 2001 anthrax attacks, apparently caused deliberately. Letters laced with infectious anthrax were concurrently delivered to news media offices and the U.S Congress, alongside an ambiguously related case in Chile. The letters killed 5.

Multiple choice

Directions: Fill in the blank.

Measles is highly ____________.

  1. epidemic

  2. contagious

  3. infections

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Measles is a disease that spreads easily from person to person, which is the definition of contagious. Epidemic refers to the widespread occurrence of a disease, not the property of the disease itself.

Multiple choice

What is antigen?

  1. A substance that lowers body temperature

  2. A substance that destroys harmful bacteria

  3. A substance that stimulates formation of antibody

  4. A substance used against poison
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An antigen is any substance that the body recognizes as foreign, triggering an immune response that leads to the production of antibodies.

Multiple choice

While the lethal H5N1 virus has been marching from one country to another, infecting birds and, in some cases, humans, one fact is becoming apparent that as long as the virus persists in birds, be it poultry or wild birds, avian flu outbreaks are bound to recur.The last sentence of the paragraph has been deleted. Which of the following completes the paragraph, most suitably?

  1. Preventive measures may actually have helped spread of the virus.

  2. The virus has developed resistance.

  3. A study highlights the ability of ducks to spread more of the virus and for a longer duration without actually falling sick.

  4. Only the time interval between the outbreaks cannot be determined for sure.

  5. Mass vaccination without other stringent control measures may not be the best strategy.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

None, except (4), continues with the flow.

Multiple choice

Which of the following diseases is cured by BCG vaccine?

  1. Rabies

  2. Malaria

  3. Sore throat

  4. Tuberculosis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

BCG (Bacille Calmette-Guérin) vaccine is specifically used to prevent tuberculosis, not cure it. The question says 'cured by' which is technically incorrect since vaccines prevent disease rather than cure existing infections. However, BCG is indeed associated with tuberculosis treatment.

Multiple choice

Antigen is a substance which

  1. lowers the body temperature

  2. destroys harmful bacteria

  3. triggers the immune system

  4. is used as an antidote for poison
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An antigen is any substance that the immune system recognizes as foreign, triggering an immune response such as the production of antibodies.

Multiple choice

Which of the following sets of diseases is prevented by CDC Vaccine?

  1. Bull neck, cholera and Hansen's disease

  2. Bull neck, Hansen's disease and lockjaw

  3. Bull neck, lockjaw and pertussis

  4. Cholera, lockjaw and pertussis

  5. Hansen's disease, lockjaw and pertussis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

CDC Vaccine is used as a control measure for bull neck, pertussis (whooping cough) and lockjaw.