Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Which of the following is also known as immune interferon?

Interferons (IFNs) are proteins made and released by host cells in response to the presence of pathogens such as viruses, bacteria, parasites or tumor cells. They allow for communication between cells to trigger the protective defenses of the immune system that eradicate pathogens or tumors

  1. IFN-α

  2. IFN-β

  3. IFN-γ.

  4. IFN-ω

  5. IFN-ν
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Produced by stimulated T-lymphocyte and hence, also called immune interferon.

Multiple choice

Consider the following statements:

1.         Under the guidelines of WHO, the MMR vaccine is administered for immunisation from Measles, Mumps, Rubella and Autism. 2.         Anaphylaxis is an extremely rare, but serious allergic reaction to the vaccine.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Statement 1: It is incorrect. The MMR vaccine (also known as the MPR-vaccine after the Latin names of the diseases) is an immunisation vaccine against measles, mumps, and rubella (German measles). It is a mixture of live attenuated viruses of the three diseases, administered via injection. It was first developed by Maurice Hilleman while at Merck. Statement 2: It is correct. Anaphylaxis is an extremely rare, but serious allergic reaction to the vaccine and its component vaccines. Attenuvax is component vaccine against measles. Mumpsvax is component vaccine against mumps & Meruvax II is component vaccine against rubella. MMR II is supplied freeze-dried (lyophilized) and contains live viruses.

Multiple choice

P, Q, R and S are four types of dangerous microbes recently found in a human habitat. The area of each circle with its diameter printed in brackets represents the growth of a single microbe surviving human immunity system within 24 hours of entering the body. The danger to human beings varies proportionately with the toxicity, potency and growth attributed to a microbe shown in the figure below.

A pharmaceutical company is contemplating the development of a vaccine against the most dangerous microbe. Which microbe should the company target in its first attempt?

  1. P

  2. Q

  3. R

  4. S

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Multiple choice

P, Q, R and S are four types of dangerous microbes recently found in a human habitat. The area of each circle with its diameter printed in brackets represents the growth of a single microbe surviving human immunity system within 24 hours of entering the body. The danger to human beings varies proportionately with the toxicity, potency and growth attributed to a microbe shown in the figure below:

A pharmaceutical company is contemplating the development of a vaccine against the most dangerous microbe. Which microbe should the company target in its first attempt?

  1. P

  2. Q

  3. R

  4. S
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Thus $D_s$ is maximum and it is most dangerous among them and it is targeted in first attempt.

Multiple choice

The horse has played a little known but very important role in the field of medicine. Horses were injected with toxins of diseases until their blood built up immunities. Then a serum was made from their blood. Serums to fight with diphtheria and tetanus were developed this way. It can be inferred from the passage, that horses were

  1. given immunity to diseases

  2. generally quite immune to diseases

  3. given medicines to fight toxins

  4. given diphtheria and tetanus serums
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The passage states horses were injected with toxins until their blood built up immunities. This means they were actively given the ability to resist the diseases.

Multiple choice biology meaning of life chemical organization in living beings lipids proteins and their structure

Fill in the blanks by choose the correct option.
A. An antiviral proteins called _______ is released by the ________ infected cells.
B. ______ immunity is also known as inborn immunity.
C. ________ in the stomach prevent microbial growth.
Choose the correct option.

  1. A- interferon, virus; B-Passive; C-Acid

  2. A-interferon, virus; B-Innate; C-Acid

  3. A-antibody, bacteria; B-Active; C-Acid

  4. A-antibody, virus; B-Acquired; C-Hormone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice botany reproductive morphology significance of fruits fruit plants: structure and function

Garlic is used to cure

  1. Heart diseases

  2. Whooping cough

  3. Bronchitis

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Garlic is a perennial plant and belongs to Amaryllidaceae family. It has many medicinal properties, such as:

  • Boosts the immune system.
  • Prevents common cold and other respiratory troubles such as bronchitis, whooping cough.
  • Reduces blood pressure.
  • Improves cholesterol levels, thus lowering the risk of heart disorders.
  • It contains antioxidants, therefore reduces oxidative stress and also reduces the risk of brain diseases like Alzheimer's disease and dementia.
  • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.