Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

997 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

Resistance against a particular infection is called

  1. restriction

  2. initiaition

  3. immunity

  4. disease
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Immunity is the biological term for resistance against specific infections or diseases. Option A (restriction) means limitation, not biological resistance. Option B (initiaition) appears to be a typo for 'initiation' and is incorrect in this context. Option D (disease) is the opposite of resistance against disease.

Multiple choice

Preventing an infection is

  1. prophylactic

  2. paralysis

  3. safe

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Prophylactic measures are actions taken to prevent a disease or infection from occurring.

Multiple choice

BCG stands for

  1. Bacilus-calmette

  2. Guuerin

  3. Vaccine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

BCG (Bacillus Calmette-Guerin) is a tuberculosis vaccine. Option A misspells 'Bacillus', Option B misspells 'Guerin' and only lists one name, and Option C is the category not the expansion. D is technically correct as all words appear in the full name.

Multiple choice

Why did some families refuse vaccination for their children?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

India’s polio-free certification, which was awarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014 for ensuring polio did not infect anyone in three straight years, took almost two decades of very hard work. Though vaccination against polio started in 1978 under India’s Expanded Programme in Immunisation, only about 40% children under five were being reached by 1984.
Following the WHO’s Polio Eradication Initiative, India launched its Pulse Polio Programme in 1995 with the target to vaccinate every child under five. It took some years, but it met targets. For successive years, each one of the country’s 26 million newborns was vaccinated against the paralysing infection not once but repeatedly for the first five years of their lives. The biggest challenges were geography (for example, in the Kosi river belt in Bihar annual floods isolate several hundred families), work-related migration and ignorance: some families would refuse vaccination because they were convinced the drops would make their children impotent.
Ensuring these lifesaving drops reach around 800 million children each year — 172 million children are reached in each nationwide round of vaccination, and then there are sub-national rounds — is a spectacular feat by any standards.

  1. They did not want to immunize their children against polio.

  2. They thought polio drops would make their children impotent.

  3. They wanted to migrate and thought polio drops would induce fever and delay their travelling.

  4. They said immunisation was against their religious beliefs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The second last sentence of the paragraph gives the answer, ‘they were convinced the drops would make their children impotent’.

Multiple choice

What was the condition that India met for receiving a polio-free certification by WHO?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

India’s polio-free certification, which was awarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014 for ensuring polio did not infect anyone in three straight years, took almost two decades of very hard work. Though vaccination against polio started in 1978 under India’s Expanded Programme in Immunisation, only about 40% children under five were being reached by 1984.
Following the WHO’s Polio Eradication Initiative, India launched its Pulse Polio Programme in 1995 with the target to vaccinate every child under five. It took some years, but it met targets. For successive years, each one of the country’s 26 million newborns was vaccinated against the paralysing infection not once but repeatedly for the first five years of their lives. The biggest challenges were geography (for example, in the Kosi river belt in Bihar annual floods isolate several hundred families), work-related migration and ignorance: some families would refuse vaccination because they were convinced the drops would make their children impotent.
Ensuring these lifesaving drops reach around 800 million children each year — 172 million children are reached in each nationwide round of vaccination, and then there are sub-national rounds — is a spectacular feat by any standards.

  1. Two decades of hard work

  2. No polio infection in three straight years

  3. Ensuring nation-wide vaccinations

  4. Following WHO’s Polio Eradication Initiative
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The first sentence of the passage gives the answer, ‘by the World Health Organization (WHO) this year for ensuring polio did not infect anyone in three straight years’.

Multiple choice

Which of the following words is the closest in meaning to the word ‘isolate’?

Directions: Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows.

India’s polio-free certification, which was awarded by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2014 for ensuring polio did not infect anyone in three straight years, took almost two decades of very hard work. Though vaccination against polio started in 1978 under India’s Expanded Programme in Immunisation, only about 40% children under five were being reached by 1984.
Following the WHO’s Polio Eradication Initiative, India launched its Pulse Polio Programme in 1995 with the target to vaccinate every child under five. It took some years, but it met targets. For successive years, each one of the country’s 26 million newborns was vaccinated against the paralysing infection not once but repeatedly for the first five years of their lives. The biggest challenges were geography (for example, in the Kosi river belt in Bihar annual floods isolate several hundred families), work-related migration and ignorance: some families would refuse vaccination because they were convinced the drops would make their children impotent.
Ensuring these lifesaving drops reach around 800 million children each year — 172 million children are reached in each nationwide round of vaccination, and then there are sub-national rounds — is a spectacular feat by any standards.

  1. Integrate

  2. Confuse

  3. Quarantine

  4. Fight
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Isolate means to separate someone or something and quarantine means to separate infected people from healthy people.

Multiple choice

Infectious agents do not spread through _________.

  1. vectors

  2. physical contact

  3. air

  4. vaccines
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines are used to prevent disease by training the immune system, not to spread infectious agents. Vectors, physical contact, and air are all common modes of transmission for pathogens.

Multiple choice

What do the vaccines help in?

  1. The treatment of infectious diseases

  2. The treatment of non- infectious diseases

  3. The prevention of microbial disease

  4. Both (A) and (B)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vaccines introduce weakened or inactive parts of a pathogen to the immune system, allowing it to develop antibodies and prevent future microbial infections.

Multiple choice

The two important precautions to be observed by the people having cold and cough are (i) to keep away from crowded places (ii) to get immunization during childhood (iii) to use a handkerchief to sneeze in (iv) to prevent the breeding places of mosquitoes

  1. (i) and (ii)

  2. (i) and (iii)

  3. (ii) and (iii)

  4. (ii) and (iv)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cold and cough are infectious diseases spread through droplets. Using a handkerchief (iii) prevents the spread of pathogens to others, and avoiding crowded places (i) reduces the risk of transmission to or from others.

Multiple choice

Infectious diseases can be prevented by using

  1. immunization

  2. medicines

  3. tonics

  4. pure water
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunization is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent. It is the most effective public health strategy for preventing the spread of many infectious diseases.