Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Prior to vaccination, people used to protect themselves from small pox through

  1. Worship

  2. Hygiene and nutrition

  3. Variolation

  4. Getting infected with cow pox
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Variolation was an early method of inoculation where material from a smallpox patient was introduced into a healthy person to induce immunity before the development of modern vaccines.

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Vaccine which provides immunization against polio was developed by

  1. E. Jenner

  2. Dr. Salk

  3. J. Lederberg

  4. Landsteiner
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The polio vaccine was developed in 1955 by Dr. Jonas Salk and thus called the “Salk vaccine”. It is the inactivated or killed vaccine that was given by intramuscular injection but now it is given orally.

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Vaccine against rabies was first developed by 

  1. Jenner

  2. Shull

  3. Pasteur

  4. Gorger
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Rabies is a viral disease caused by the rabies virus that causes inflammation of the brain in humans and other mammals. Early symptoms can include fever and tingling at the site of exposure.
  • Virtually all infections with rabies resulted in death until two French scientists, Louis Pasteur and Émile Roux, developed the first rabies vaccination in 1885.
  • Hence vaccine against rabies was first developed by Pasteur.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Pasteur'.
Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Pulse Polio Immunization involves vaccination of all children between the ages of _______

  1. 5 to 10 years

  2. 0 to 5 years

  3. 1 to 9 years

  4. 10 to 15 years
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Explanation: Pulse Polio Immunization is a program initiated by the Government of India, where children between the ages of 0 to 5 years are administered oral polio vaccine twice a year to interrupt transmission of polio.

Multiple choice common health problem international health bodies health organisation biology

A vaccine reduces the chances of getting a virus infection by 

  1. Killing the virus

  2. Making the bone marrow produce more white cells

  3. Prompting the body to produce antibodies

  4. Raising the body temperature
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A vaccine induces the immune system to fight with foreign particles. In the presence of vaccine our immune system produces memory cells and on encountering with the same virus again produces antibodies to destroy Virus infections. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice common health problem international health bodies health organisation biology

Which of the following is/are function/s of national bodies of health organisation?

  1. Arranging prophylactic immunisation

  2. Supply of safe drinking water

  3. Sanitation

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The health organisations undertake a regular survey, identification of the transmitting agent and its breeding places, arranging prophylactic immunization and any other kind of steps to be taken to fight against the respective diseases.

Multiple choice zoology important and common human diseases allergy and autoimmune diseases allergy non infectious diseases

A noninfectious unnatural and unusual reaction to a substance or condition is 

  1. Immunity

  2. Allergy

  3. Infection

  4. Toxin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances (non-infectious) in the environment.  Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling. Hence, Allergy is a noninfectious, unnatural and unusual reaction to a substance or condition.

So, the correct answer is 'Allergy'.

Multiple choice zoology important and common human diseases allergy and autoimmune diseases allergy non infectious diseases

Excessive and inappropriate immune response to an antigen is 

  1. Anaphylaxis

  2. Multiple Sclerosis

  3. Allergy

  4. Immune deficiency
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases are a number of conditions caused by hypersensitivity (excessive) of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. Symptoms may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath. Food, insect stings, and medications are common causes of severe reactions.

So, the correct answer is 'Allergy'.

Multiple choice zoology immune system allergy and autoimmune diseases allergy non infectious diseases

The type of immunity that develops as a result of natural exposure to an antigen in the environment is

  1. Natural innate immunity

  2. Naturally acquired passive immunity

  3. Nonspecific immunity

  4. Naturally acquired active immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity works without concern about how much damage happened but to protect the body and the body exposed to an antigen in an environment develops natural innate immunity.

So the correct option is 'Natural innate immunity.'

Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Interferon is the body's first line of defense against ............... infection

  1. Viral

  2. Bacterial

  3. Protozoan

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Interferons (IFNs) belong to the large class of proteins known as cytokines, molecules used for communication between cells to trigger the protective defences of the immune system that help eradicate pathogens. Interferons are named for their ability to interfere with viral replication by protecting cells from virus infections. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Interferon is protein that

  1. Inactivates a bacteria

  2. Protects unattacked cells from virus

  3. Prevents bacteria from taking over the cellular machinary

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the immune system is activated due to the viral infection or other immune response the white blood cells in our body produces Interferons (are a group of proteins called cytokines).
  • The name of the interferons comes from their ability to interfere with the production of new virus particles. Interferons do not directly kill viral or cancerous cells; they boost the immune system response and reduce the growth of cancer cells by regulating the activity of several genes that control the secretion of numerous cellular proteins that affect growth.
  • Hence Interferon is the protein that protects unattacked cells from viruses.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Protects unattacked cells from virus'.
Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

Interferons are

  1. Protein products of macrophages which destroy microbes

  2. Allergens

  3. Antibody molecule

  4. Proteins secreted by virus infected cells which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the immune system is activated due to the viral infection or other immune response the white blood cells and virus infected cells in our body secretes Interferons (are a group of proteins called cytokines).Interferons suppress the viral multiplication and protect non infected cells from further infection.
  • The name of the interferons comes from their ability to interfere with the production of new virus particles. Interferons do not directly kill viral or cancerous cells; they boost the immune system response and reduce the growth of cancer cells by regulating the activity of several genes that control the secretion of numerous cellular proteins that affect growth.
  • Hence Interferons are proteins secreted by virus-infected cells which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Proteins secreted by virus-infected cells which protect non-infected cells from further viral infection'.

Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

A lymphokine involved in defensive reaction against viruses is

  1. Interleukin

  2. Endorphin

  3. Interferon

  4. Both B and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Lymphokines are a typer of cytokines which are secreted by the lymphocytes (immune cell).
  • They are a type of small proteins secreted by cells of the immune system that helps in signalling and effects the behaviour of the neighbouring cells.
  • Lymphokines attract the other cells of the immune system such as macrophages and other lymphocytes to an infected site and activate them to prepare for an immune response. 
  • They are secreted by the T-lymphocytes.
  • Lymphokines help the B- lymphocyte cells to produce antibodies.
  • Interferon is a lymphokine secreted by the T-lymphocytes which are responsible for innate and adaptive immunity against viruses, few bacteria and protozoa.
  • It is known as Interferon-gamma (IFNγ).
  • It inhibits viral replication by its immunostimulatory and immunomodulatory effects.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Interferon'.
Multiple choice biology classification and variation dna - history and structure biotechnology commercial applications of biotechnology

A cell coded protein formed in response to infection with most animal viruses is

  1. Antigen

  2. Antibody

  3. Interferon

  4. Histone
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • When the immune system is activated due to the viral infection or other immune response the white blood cells in our body produces Interferons (are a group of proteins called cytokines).
  • The name of the interferons comes from their ability to interfere with the production of new virus particles. Interferons do not directly kill viral or cancerous cells; they boost the immune system response and reduce the growth of cancer cells by regulating the activity of several genes that control the secretion of numerous cellular proteins that affect growth.
  • Hence a cell coded protein formed in response to infection with most animal viruses is interferon.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Interferon'.