Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Which of the following correctly exemplifies acquisition of active immunity by a person?

  1. A person who has recovered from an attack of mumps, develops natural active immunity

  2. When ready-made antibiotics are directly injected into a person's body to protect him against foreign agents, then he acquires artificial active immunity

  3. When a person is vaccinated for a disease then he acquires natural active immunity for that disease

  4. When antibody is transferred from mother to the fetus through placenta then the developing baby acquires artificial active immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Active immunity occurs when the body produces its own antibodies in response to an antigen. Recovering from a natural infection like mumps triggers the body's immune system to create memory cells and antibodies, which is natural active immunity.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Non-specific immunity is provided by all except ________________.

  1. Kupffer cells

  2. alveolar macrophases

  3. lymphocytes

  4. neutrophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-specific (innate) immunity includes physical barriers and phagocytes like Kupffer cells, alveolar macrophages, and neutrophils. Lymphocytes (T and B cells) are the primary components of specific (adaptive) immunity.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Incorrect statement about non-specific immunity

  1. It includes barriers of defence

  2. It developed by contract with pathogen

  3. It operates faster

  4. It is inherited
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Non-specific immunity operates fast and it is inherited genetically and it is developed by contact with a pathogen but it does not act as a barrier of defence.

So the correct option is 'It includes barriers of defence.'

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

How many statements given below are the examples of "Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity".
A. In case of snake bites, the injection which is given to the patients, contain preformed antibodies against the snake venom.
B. The fetus recieves some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy
C. Colostrum secreted by mother during the initial day of lactation has abundant antibodies to protect the infant.
D. 'ATS' (Anti-tetanus serum) provides temporary protection in case of injuries and burns

  1. One

  2. Two

  3. Three

  4. Four
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The foetus receives some antibodies from their mother through the placenta during pregnancy and colostrum secreted by mother during the initial days of lactation has abundant antibodies (IgA) to protect the infant. These are the two examples of naturally acquired passive immunity.

So, the correct option is 'two'

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

The immunity developed after the body has recovered from a disease is called

  1. natural acquired active immunity

  2. natural acquired passive immunity

  3. artificial acquired active immunity

  4. artificial acquired passive immunity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Natural acquired active immunity occurs when the person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune as a result of the primary immune response.

So, the correct option is 'Natural acquired active immunity'.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

The ability of the body's immune system to recognize its own tissues is known as

  1. Immunologic tolerance

  2. Autoimmunity

  3. Severe combined immunodeficiency disease

  4. Hypersensitivity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Immunologic tolerance is the state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissues that have the potential to induce an immune response. Self-tolerance to individuals own antigen is achieved through central and peripheral tolerance.

So, the correct option is 'Immunologic tolerance'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Which of the following is not a part of the inflammatory response

  1. Antibodies

  2. Swelling

  3. Redness

  4. Presence of histamine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Inflammation, a response triggered by damage to living tissues. The inflammatory response is a defence mechanism that evolved in higher organisms to protect them from infection and injury. Its purpose is to localize and eliminate the injurious agent and to remove damaged tissue components so that the body can begin to heal. The four cardinal signs of inflammation—redness (Latin rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor).


So, the correct option is 'Antibodies'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Which of the following is not characteristic of the early stages of a localized inflammatory response?

  1. Increased permeability of capillaries

  2. Attack by cytotoxic T-cells

  3. Release of histamine

  4. Dilatation of blood vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Inflammation is a very prominent response to TNF-α. There are four typical signs of inflammation, erythema (redness), heat, swelling, and pain. These are a consequence of increased blood flow and capillary permeability, the influx of phagocytic cells, and tissue damage. Increased blood flow is caused by constriction of the capillaries that carry blood away from the infected area, and leads to engorgement of the capillary network. Erythema and an increase in tissue temperature accompany capillary constriction. In addition, the permeability of capillaries increases, allowing cells and fluid to leave and enter the surrounding tissue. These fluids have a higher protein content than the fluids normally found in tissues, causing swelling.


So, the correct option is 'Option B'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Histamine released by the lymphocytes causes inflammatory response

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

One of the best-known chemical mediators released from cells during inflammation is histamine, which triggers vasodilation and increases vascular permeability. Stored in granules of circulating basophils and mast cells, histamine is released immediately when these cells are injured.


So, the correct option is 'True'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry immunology innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

In the inflammatory response, the absence of which one of the following would prevent all the others from happening?

  1. Release of histamine

  2. Dilatation of arterioles

  3. Increased population of phagocytes in the area

  4. Increased permeability of blood vessels
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Histamine, biologically active substance found in a great variety of living organisms. It is distributed widely. The effect histamine has on blood vessels is crucial to its role in the immune response, which is most clearly observed in inflammation i.e., the local reaction of bodily tissues to injury caused by physical damage, infection, or allergic reaction. Injured tissue mast cells  release histamine, causing the surrounding blood vessels to dilate and increase in permeability. This allows fluid and cells of the immune system, such as leukocytes (white blood cells) and blood plasma proteins, to leak from the bloodstream through the vessel walls and migrate to the site of tissue injury or infection, where they begin to fight the infection and nourish and heal the injured tissues..


So, the correct option is 'Option A'.

Multiple choice sexually transmitted diseases stds and infertility reproductive health reproduction biology

Vaccine of hepatitis B prevents hepatitis D.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hepatitis D, also known as delta hepatitis, is a liver infection caused by the hepatitis D virus (HDV). Hepatitis D only occurs in people who are infected with the Hepatitis B virus, since HDV requires the help of HBV to replicate. Therefore, by getting a vaccination of Hepatitis B we can save ourselves from Hepatitis D. 

So the correct option is  'True'.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes medicinal use of microorganisms use of microorganisms in medicine vaccines

Which of these antibiotics is/are obtained from bacteria?

  1. Penicillin

  2. Erythromycin

  3. Polio vaccine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Penicillin is a secondary metabolite of certain species of Penicillium and is produced when the growth of the fungus is inhibited by stress.

Erythromycin is a bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus.
Polio vaccine contains killed virus and is given by injection. It is given to prevent polio, an infectious disease of the nervous system.

So, the correct option is 'Erythromycin'.

Multiple choice zoology aids to health body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Among these ............... is a physical barrier that acts a first life of defense.

  1. Skin and mucous membrane

  2. Neutrophils and monocytes

  3. Fever

  4. Interferon
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The very first line of defense against any invasion of the human body is a set of physical barriers between the inside of the body and the outer world. Defense systems like skin, tears, mucous membranes are considered the non-specific barriers and the first line of defense.
So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

Human body is immunized by production of ____________ inside our body.

  1. Antigen

  2. Antibody

  3. Vaccines

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Human body produces antibody to immunize our body from the action of foreign material. Antibody recognizes foreign material binds to it and triggers immune response inside out body leading to phagocytosis.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity body defense system drug-target interaction pharmaceutical products and drug action

First line of defense include

  1. Skin

  2. Mucous

  3. Lysosyme secretion

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The first line of defense (non-specific barrier): These are a combination of physical and chemical barriers that prevent all types of foreign agents from penetrating the outer layer of the body. No specific foreign agent is targeted at this level.
The barriers are:
1. The skin – provides an impervious barrier to pathogens.
2. Mucous membranes – line the entrances to the body such as in the respiratory tract entrances. Mucus produced by these membranes traps foreign particles and directs them out of the body.
3. Hairs and cilia – (nasal hairs) trap dust and dirt; (microscopic cilia) line some mucous membranes and direct foreign particles out of the body.
4. Gastric juice, vaginal secretions, and urine – acidic fluids that have a protective function.
5. Tears, sweat and saliva – body fluids which possess some anti-bacterial properties.
6. Cerumen (ear wax) – produced in the ear canal and protects the canal by trapping dirt and dust particles.
So, the correct answer is option D.