Biology · General Awareness

Vaccination and Immunity

965 Questions

This hub presents questions focused on vaccination and human immunity. It covers essential topics such as herd immunity, non-specific immunity, antigens, and historical vaccine developments. These concepts are crucial for general science sections in medical and civil service exams.

Herd immunity functionsNon-specific immunitySmallpox vaccinationInterferon proteinsAntigen propertiesImmunological amnesia

Vaccination and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Histamines or inflammation producing substance are formed by

  1. Macrophages

  2. Sustentacular cells

  3. Mast cells

  4. Collagen fibres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A mast cell is a type of white blood cell that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Specifically, it is a type of granulocyte derived from the myeloid stem cell that is a part of the immune and neuroimmune systems. Mast cells are primarily known for their role in allergy and anaphylaxis (shock). Mast cells play a key role in the inflammatory process. When activated, a mast cell can either selectively release mediators or compounds that induce inflammation, from storage granules into the local site.

So, the correct answer is 'Mast cells'.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

One of the inflammatory reaction induced by histamine is 

  1. Vasoconstriction of blood vessels

  2. Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels

  3. Decreased vascular permeability

  4. Accelerated blood clotting
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Histamine is an organic nitrogenous compound involved in the inflammatory response and has a central role as a mediator of itching. Histamine causes vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels due to which there is increased blood flow to the site of inflammation. It mediates the inflammatory reaction by the release of other chemical mediators of inflammation and causes redness, swelling etc at the site of inflammation.

So, the correct answer is 'Vasodilation of peripheral blood vessels'.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Complexes formed during immune complex mediated hypersensitivity are removed by

  1. Eosinophils and T-cells

  2. Monocytes and B-cells

  3. Eosinophills and monocytes

  4. Eosinophills and basophils
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity (Type III) involves the deposition of antigen-antibody complexes. These complexes are typically cleared from circulation by phagocytic cells, specifically monocytes and eosinophils, which help mitigate tissue damage.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Inflammation reaction is brought about by 

  1. Mast cells

  2. Macrophages

  3. Plasma cells

  4. Adipose cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A mast cell is a type of white blood cell that contains many granules rich in histamine and heparin. Mast cells play an important protective role in inflammatory and allergic reactions. When mast cells are activated, they release mediators or compounds that induce inflammation from storage granules into the local site and promotes the inflammatory response. In allergic reactions, mast cells remain inactive until an allergen binds to IgE already coated upon the cell.

So, the correct answer is 'Mast cells'.

Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

Anaphylactic shock is characterized 

  1. Constriction of peripherial blood vessels

  2. Drastic increase in blood pressure

  3. High permeability of capillaries causing loss of fluid from the blood

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
  • Shock is a life-threatening situation due to poor tissue perfusion with impaired cellular metabolism, manifested inturns by serious physiological abnormalities.
  • Anaphylactic shock is also called as Type I immunogenic reaction.
  • Anaphylactic shock is characterized High permeability of capillaries causing loss of fluid from the blood.
  • Anaphylaxis symptoms usually occur within minutes of exposure to an allergen. 
  • The most common anaphylactic reactions are to foods, insect stings, medications and latex.
  • So, the correct answer is 'High permeability of capillaries causing loss of fluid from the blood'
Multiple choice zoology allergy immunity related disorders and problems antibody production and vaccination biotechnology

The symptoms of an allergic reaction develop in response to 

  1. Interferons

  2. Interleukins

  3. Histamine

  4. Complement
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Allergies, also known as allergic diseases are caused by hypersensitivity of the immune system to typically harmless substances in the environment. The mechanism involves immunoglobulin E antibodies (IgE) binds to an allergen and then to a receptor on mast cells or basophils where it triggers the release of inflammatory chemicals such as histamine. The release of histamine develops symptoms such as red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.

So, the correct answer is 'Histamine'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

Symptomatic treatment needs which of the following procedures?

  1. Medicine

  2. Vaccine

  3. Sugery

  4. Both A and C
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Symptomatic treatment addresses the symptoms rather than the root cause. This involves medicines to relieve symptoms and sometimes surgery to correct underlying issues. Vaccines are preventive, not symptomatic treatments. The answer combines medicine and surgery as both can treat symptoms.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry our health disease and its treatment manifestation and treatment of disease treatment of disease

A boy happens to put his foot on a rusted nail and the doctor gives him an injection. Most likely he has been given

  1. OPV

  2. BCG

  3. ATS

  4. Tetanospasmin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
When an injury happens to a person then there is a chance of development of tetanus due to bacterial infection. ATS is anti-tetanus serum which is given to the injured. It is used for both preventing and curing tetanus.
So the correct answer is 'ATS'.
Multiple choice zoology aids to health innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Which of the following are the properties of acquired immunity?

  1. Specificity

  2. Diversity

  3. Immunological memory

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Specificity- It is the ability to differentiate between various foreign molecules.
B. Diversity- It can recognize a vast variety of foreign molecules,
C. Immunological memory- When the immune system encounters a specific foreign agent for the first time, it generates an immune response and eliminates the invader. This is called the first encounter. The immune system retains the memory of the first encounter. As a result, a second encounter occurs more quickly and abundantly than the first encounter.

So, the correct answer is "All the above".
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Immunity tolerance is  developed by  

  1. Interaction with the antigen

  2. By giving antibodies

  3. Present by birth

  4. By giving antibiotics
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Immunity tolerance, or immunological tolerance, or immune tolerance, is a state of unresponsiveness of the immune system to substances or tissue that have the capacity to elicit an immune response in a given organism or It is the prevention of an immune response against a particular antigen.
  • For example, the immune system is generally tolerant of self-antigens, so it does not usually attack the body's own cells, tissues, and organs. However, when tolerance is lost, disorders like autoimmune disease or food allergy may occur.
  • Hence Immunity tolerance is developed by interaction with the antigen.
  • So, the correct answer is 'Interaction with the antigen'.
Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Passive immunity is defined as immunity

  1. inherited from the parents

  2. achieved through vaccination

  3. acquired through first exposure to the disease

  4. achieved through the sera of other animals enriched in antibodies.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Immunity is said to be passive when antibodies produced in other organisms (their sera) are injected into a person who already has a potential antigen in his body. Administration of antibody against tetanus, botulism etc. makes large amounts of antitoxin immediately available to neutralize the toxins.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Innate immunity is by virtue of .................

  1. Physical appearance

  2. Genetic constitutional make-up

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Innate immunity also called natural or native immunity. This immunity is by virtue of genetic constitutional make-up. It is there in the body without any external stimulation or a previous infection.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

To which type of barriers under innate immunity, do the saliva in the mouth and the tears from the eyes belong?

  1. Physiological barriers

  2. Physical barriers

  3. Cytokine barriers

  4. Cellular barriers
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The immune system provides both the types of immune response innate and acquired immune responses. Innate immunity occurs naturally due to genetic factors or physiology. It is a native immune response that present by birth. It provides physical barrier such as skin, Physiological barriers such as pH of the stomach, bile juice, saliva and tears, cellular barriers such as leucocytes, macrophage cell and cytokine barrier.

Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice zoology diseases and immunity innate and acquired immunity body fluids and immune responses immunity and immune system

Innate immunity is provided by 

  1. Antibody

  2. Neutrophils

  3. B-cells

  4. T-cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The innate immune is an older evolutionary defense strategy  and it is dominant immune system response found in plants ,fungi,insects,and primitive multi-cellular organisms..The innate leukocytes includes:

  1.  the phagocytes(macrophages ,neutrophils and dendritic cells),
  2. innate lymphoid cells,
  3. mast cells,
  4. eosinophils
  5. ,basophils and 
  6. natural killer cell.

These cells identify and eliminate pathogens either by attacking larger pathogens through contact or by engulfing and then killing micro-organism.Hence ,innate immuniy is provided by neutrophils.

So,the correct answer is "neutrophils"