Biology · General Awareness

Viral Diseases and Immunity

807 Questions

Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.

HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods

Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions

Multiple choice

The preintegration complex is essentially the viral core released into the host cell. Which among the following proteins regulates the nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex?

  1. Tat

  2. Vif

  3. Nef

  4. Vpr

  5. Rev
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Vpr is a human immunodeficieny viral gene and protein product. Vpr stands for Viral Protein R. It plays an important role in regulating nuclear import of the HIV-1 pre-integration complex and is required for virus replication in non-dividing cells, such as macrophages.

Multiple choice

Latency associated nuclear antigen (LANA) is present in primary effusion lymphoma cells that react with antibodies from patients with Kaposi Sarcoma. A biopsy sample tested positive for LANA by histobiochemistry confirms the presence of

  1. HSV-1 virus

  2. HSV-8 virus

  3. HSV-7 virus

  4. HSV-6 virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A positive test for latency-associated nuclear antigen (LANA-1) confirms the presence of HSV-8 virus. Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) has been identified as the etiological agent of Kaposi’s sarcoma. It expresses high levels of LANA.

Multiple choice

The functioning of which system of the body is damaged during the HIV infection?

  1. Nervous system

  2. Respiratory system

  3. Immune system

  4. Muscular system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

HIV causes Acquired Immuno Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). As the name suggests, the immune system becomes weak in this disease. Due to this, the person falls as a prey to many other infections which can be common cold or diarrhoea. Thus, as a consequence, the person’s nervous, respiratory, muscular or any other system may be affected later on as a consequence.

Multiple choice

In HIV-1, the U5 region has been characterized according to functional and structural differences into several sub-regions. Which among the following region plays a role both in dimerization and genome packaging?

  1. Psi

  2. DIS

  3. PBS

  4. TAR

  5. Poly A
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Poly A plays a role both in dimerization and genome packaging since it is necessary for cleavage and polyadenilation. It has been reported that sequences upstream (U3 region) and downstream (U5 region) are needed in order to make the cleavage process efficient.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is/are FALSE?

  1. Enzyme that catalyses peptide bonding is located in larger sub-unit of the ribosome.
  2. AIDS-causing HIV identifies its target cells by recognising low density lipoproteins in cell membranes.
  3. Genetic recombination takes place during prophase of meiotic division-II.
  4. Synaptonemal complex helps in production of enzymes during cell division.

  1. Only 1

  2. Both 1 and 3

  3. 1, 3 and 4

  4. 2, 3 and 4

  5. All are false statements.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Correct answer. AIDS-causing HIV identifies its target cells by recognising apoproteins in the coated pits of membranes. Genetic recombination takes place during prophase of meiotic division-I. Synaptonemal complex helps in recombination during cell division.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements about CMV is FALSE?

  1. Cytomegalovirus is a member of the retroviral group of viruses.

  2. Herpes viruses are DNA viruses.

  3. CMV can down regulate the host response.

  4. CMV is named for the large inclusion bodies in the nucleus of the infected cell.

  5. Primary CMV infection can be mild and similar to glandular fever.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

CMV is an example of a herpes virus.

Multiple choice

Which virus causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy?

  1. BK virus

  2. JC virus

  3. TBE virus

  4. B19 virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy (PML) is a disease of the white matter of the brain, caused by JC (John Cunningham) virus infection that targets cells that make myelin - the material that insulates nerve cells (neurons).

Multiple choice

Which of the following is not a risk group IV human pathogens?

  1. Alkhurma virus

  2. Junin virus

  3. Herpes B virus

  4. HIV virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

HIV virus does not belong to risk group IV human pathogens. Risk Group 4 (RG4) agents are likely to cause serious or lethal human disease for which preventive or therapeutic interventions are not usually available. HIV is a group II virus because for it, preventative or therapeutic interventions are often available.

Multiple choice

The risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma increases in the presence of

  1. Coxsackievirus

  2. Epstein-Barr virus

  3. Adenovirus

  4. Lassa virus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The risk of Hodgkin's lymphoma increases in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus,  but the precise contribution of Epstein–Barr virus remains largely unknown. Epstein-Barr virus causes infectious mononucleosis. Both the diseases affect lymph nodes.