Biology · General Awareness
Viral Diseases and Immunity
807 Questions
Viral diseases and immunity cover the structure, transmission, and diagnosis of viruses like HIV. Questions focus on disease pathways, immune responses, and prevention. Strong knowledge here provides an edge in biology scoring.
HIV and AIDS structureVirus transmission methodsImmune system deficiencyPathogen risk groupsMedical diagnosis methods
Viral Diseases and Immunity Questions
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Mumps
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Plague
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AIDS
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Tuberculosis
C
Correct answer
Explanation
HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). The virus attacks the immune system, specifically CD4 cells, making the body vulnerable to infections.
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chronic lymphatic leukaemia
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nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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Burkitt's lymphoma
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infectious mononucleosis
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post-transplantation lymphoproliferative syndrome
A
Correct answer
Explanation
This is a relatively benign form of leukaemia in elderly people.
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Candida kefyr
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Candida glabrata
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Candida famata
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Candida dubliniensis
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Candida albicans
B
Correct answer
Explanation
It is one of the most common yeast species to be found on the body surface and is often isolated as an incidental finding from skin and urine.
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C5b
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IL-8
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C3a
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CCL2
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E-selectin
B
Correct answer
Explanation
IL-8 produced by endothelial cells in the inflammatory response is a powerful chemotactic agent for neutrophils.
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single point mutation
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random point mutations
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interchanging of large segments of the viral genome with other viruses
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rearrangement of the viral structural architecture
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regression to an earlier variant
C
Correct answer
Explanation
The ability to interchange large segments of the genome with a viral reservoir in other animal species is the basis of antigenic shift leading to radical change in antigen, particularly crucial antigens giving protective immunity such as the viral hemagglutinin.
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causing MHC class I endocytosis
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containing glycine-alanine repeats which inhibit proteasome-mediated processing of the virus
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preventing peptide binding to TAP
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preventing peptide transport through the TAP pore
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competing for peptide binding to the MHC class I heavy chain
A
Correct answer
Explanation
It thereby prevents effective presentation of antigen peptides to the T-cell receptor.
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influenza virus D
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influenza virus B
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influenza virus A
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influenza virus C
C
Correct answer
Explanation
H5N1 is a subtype of Influenza A virus. Influenza A viruses are classified based on two surface proteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N). H5N1 is an avian influenza subtype that can infect humans and has caused pandemic concerns.
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RNA Polymerase
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RNA primase
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Reverse transcriptase
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DNA Polymerase
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Reverse transcriptase is responsible for the multiplication of human immuno virus in WBC of host .
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Only 1
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Only 3
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Only 1 and 2
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Only 2 and 4
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1, 2 and 3
E
Correct answer
Explanation
1, 2 and 3 have helical capsid symmetries.
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AIDS
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Oophoritis
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Cancer
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Tuberculosis
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Passive transfer of cell mediated immunity is used to treat some kinds of cancer. Passive or adoptive transfer of cell-mediated immunity is conferred by the transfer of sensitised or activated T-cells from one individual into another.
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Nervous system
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Immune system
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Lungs
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Brain
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Glycoprotein receptors
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Mucoprotein receptors
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CD4 receptors
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Claudin-1 receptors
B
Correct answer
Explanation
The surface of influenza virus particles is studded with hemagglutinin spikes. It can cause attachment of the virus to specific mucoprotein receptors on the surface of host cells.
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polypeptides
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glycoproteins
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phospholipids
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glycolipids
B
Correct answer
Explanation
Interferons are small glycoprotein substances made and released by host cells in response to the presence of several pathogens, such as viruses, bacteria, parasites and also tumor cells. They are produced by RDT (Recombinant DNA Technology).
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ELISA
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FISH
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Western blot
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Northern blot
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Southern blot
C
Correct answer
Explanation
Western blot is used to detect specific proteins, including antibodies against HIV. ELISA (A) is the initial screening test, but Western blot (C) is the confirmatory test that detects antibodies to specific HIV proteins by their molecular weight. FISH (B) is for DNA/RNA localization, Northern blot (D) detects RNA, and Southern blot (E) detects DNA.
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In the treatment of acute leukaemia, HIV infection and papilloma virus infection
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In the establishment of parenthood of a child
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In the prenatal diagnosis of genetic disease
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In detecting infectious agents in tissue
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Isolating viruses
A
Correct answer
Explanation
Antisense therapy uses synthetic DNA/RNA sequences to bind target mRNA and block protein expression. It's been applied to treat acute leukemia (blocking oncogene expression), HIV infection (inhibiting viral replication), and papillomavirus infections. The other options describe different applications: B is DNA fingerprinting, C is genetic testing, D is PCR-based diagnostics, and E is virology techniques.