Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

The cost price of two articles are equal. One article is sold at 16% profit and the other article is sold at 8% loss. What is the overall percentage profit? दो वस्तुओं का क्रय मूल्य समान है। पहली वस्तु को 16% के लाभ पर बेचा जाता है और दूसरी वस्तु को 8% की हानि पर बेचा जाता है। कुल लाभ प्रतिशत क्या है ?

  1. 4%

  2. 10%

  3. 12%

  4. 8%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP of each article be x. SP1 = 1.16x (16% profit), SP2 = 0.92x (8% loss). Total SP = 2.08x, Total CP = 2x. Overall profit = (2.08x - 2x)/2x × 100 = 0.08x/2x × 100 = 4%. Since CPs are equal, the net effect is average of +16% and -8%, which is (+16 - 8)/2 = 4%. Common pattern: profit and loss on equal cost prices.

Multiple choice

If a shopkeeper sells a table at a profit of 12% and a chair at a loss of 18% , he neither gain nor loss on the whole. If he sells the table at 10% profit and a chair at a loss of 8% , he would have gained Rs.210 on the whole. Find the cost price of the table ?

  1. 3000

  2. 2500

  3. 4000

  4. 4500

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let table price = T, chair price = C. From first condition: 0.12T - 0.18C = 0, so 12T = 18C, giving C = 2T/3. Substitute in second condition: 0.10T - 0.08C = 210. Using C = 2T/3: 0.10T - 0.08(2T/3) = 210. This gives: 0.10T - 0.16T/3 = 210, or 0.30T/3 - 0.16T/3 = 210, so 0.14T/3 = 210, giving T = 210 × 3/0.14 = 4500. The table costs Rs. 4500.

Multiple choice

A scooter and a motorcycle together cost Rs. 80000. If by selling the scooter at 10% profit and the motorcycle at 10% loss a total profit of 2.5% is made, what is the cost price of the scooter?

  1. Rs. 30000

  2. Rs. 60000

  3. Rs. 50000

  4. Rs. 20000
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let scooter cost = S, motorcycle = M. S + M = 80000. Selling: scooter at 10% profit = 1.1S, motorcycle at 10% loss = 0.9M. Total selling price = 1.1S + 0.9M = 80000 × 1.025 = 82000. Substituting M = 80000 - S: 1.1S + 0.9(80000 - S) = 82000. 1.1S + 72000 - 0.9S = 82000. 0.2S = 10000. S = 50000. Scooter cost is Rs. 50000. Option C is correct.

Multiple choice

After selling a watch, Suraj found that he had made a loss of 10%. He also found that had he sold it for Rs. 27 more, he would have made a profit of 5%. If now he sells his watch for Rs 540 find his profit percent.

  1. 150%

  2. 100%

  3. 75%

  4. 200%

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP be x. A 10% loss means SP = 0.9x. A 5% profit means SP = 1.05x. The difference is 1.05x - 0.9x = 0.15x = Rs. 27, so x = Rs. 180 (original CP). Now selling at Rs. 540: Profit = 540 - 180 = Rs. 360. Profit percent = (360/180) × 100 = 200%.

Multiple choice

An article is marked at Rs.4950. If two successive discounts of 20% and 15% are given, then find its selling price. एक वस्तु को 4950 रू. में अंकित किया गया। यदि 20% और 15% की दो क्रमागत छूटें दी गयी हैं, तो इसका विक्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये।

  1. Rs.3366

  2. Rs.6633

  3. Rs.3636

  4. Rs.6363
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Successive discounts are applied sequentially. First discount: 4950 × 0.20 = 990, price becomes 4950 - 990 = 3960. Second discount: 3960 × 0.15 = 594, final price = 3960 - 594 = 3366. Equivalent single discount is 32% (100 - 80×85/100), and 4950 × 0.68 = 3366.

Multiple choice

If an article is sold for a gain of 7% instead of selling it at a loss of 13%, a trader gets Rs.1080 more. What is the cost price of the article, when the article is sold at a profit of 25%? यदि एक वस्तु को 13 प्रतिशत हानि के बजाए 7 प्रतिशत लाभ पर बेचा जाता है तो व्यापारी को 1080 रूपये अधिक प्राप्त होते है वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य क्या है जब उसी वस्तु को 25 प्रतिशत लाभ पर बेचा जाए?

  1. Rs. 6750

  2. Rs. 3600

  3. Rs. 5400

  4. Rs. 4500
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The difference between selling at 7% profit and 13% loss is 20% of the cost price. This difference equals ₹1080. Therefore CP = 1080/0.20 = ₹5400. When sold at 25% profit, selling price = 5400 × 1.25 = ₹6750. Verification: 7% of 5400 = 378, 13% of 5400 = 702, difference = 378 - (-702) = 1080 ✓

Multiple choice

Ratnesh sold a cycle at a loss of 13%. If he had sold it for Rs. 434 more, he would have made a profit of 18%. Find the cost price of the cycle. रत्नेश ने 13% के नुकसान पर एक साइकिल बेची। यदि उसने इसे 434 रुपए अधिक में बेचा होता तो उसने 18% का लाभ कमाया होता। साइकिल की लागत मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये।

  1. 1500 Rs./रुपये

  2. 1250 Rs./रुपये

  3. 1400 Rs./रुपये

  4. 1600 Rs./रुपये
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. At 13% loss: SP = 0.87x. At 18% profit: SP = 1.18x. Difference = 1.18x - 0.87x = 0.31x = 434. So x = 434/0.31 = 1400. Check: 13% of 1400 = 182, loss SP = 1218. 18% of 1400 = 252, profit SP = 1652. Difference = 1652-1218 = 434. ✓

Multiple choice

A cloth merchant claims to sell cloth at cost price. However, the meter scale he uses in only 96 cm long. Find his gain percent. एक कपड़ा व्यापारी कपड़े को क्रय मूल्य पर बेचने का दावा करता है। जबकि 96 सेमी मीटर पैमाने का प्रयोग करता है। उसका लाभ प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिये।

  1. 6.67%

  2. 4%

  3. 6%

  4. 4.16%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The merchant uses a 96 cm scale but charges for 100 cm at cost price. If cloth costs Rs. 1/cm, cost for 96 cm (actual) = Rs. 96, but he charges Rs. 100. Gain = Rs. 4 on cost of Rs. 96. Gain percent = (4/96) × 100 = 4.167%, which rounds to 4.16%.

Multiple choice

Divya made a profit of 25% when selling an article at Rs. 30000. If she now has to pay Rs. 5000 more for the article, what should be her new selling price in order to make the same percentage of profit ? दिव्या एक वस्तु को जब 30000 रू. में बेचती है तो उसे 25% का लाभ प्राप्त होता है। यदि अब वह वस्तु के लिए 5000 रू. का अधिक भुगतान करे तो वहीं लाभ प्रतिशत प्राप्त करने के लिए नया विक्रय मूल्य कितना होना चाहिए ?

  1. Rs. 36000

  2. Rs. 36250

  3. Rs. 36500

  4. Rs. 40000
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Selling at Rs. 30000 with 25% profit means: 30000 = 125% of Cost Price. Original CP = 30000 × 100/125 = Rs. 24000. New CP = 24000 + 5000 = Rs. 29000. To maintain 25% profit, new SP = 29000 × 125/100 = Rs. 36250.

Multiple choice

A sells an iron box to B at 10% profit. B sells it to C for 20% profit. If C pays Rs. 528, then the cost price of A is-

  1. Rs. 400

  2. Rs. 508

  3. Rs. 500

  4. Rs. 498
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Work backwards from C's price. If C pays Rs. 528 after B's 20% profit, then B's selling price was 528. B's cost was 528 ÷ 1.2 = Rs. 440. Since A made 10% profit selling to B, A's cost was 440 ÷ 1.1 = Rs. 400. In profit chains, always divide by (1 + profit%) to reverse the calculation.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper marks up the price of his product by 25%. If he increases the discount from 5% to 10% ,the profit would decrease by Rs 14. How much profit would he earn if he gives a discount of 15% on the marked price? एक दुकानदार ने अपने उत्पाद की कीमत 25% अधिक अंकित की। अगर वह छूट प्रतिशत 5% से 10% बढ़ाता है, तो लाभ 14 रूपए घट जाएगा । वह कितना लाभ प्राप्त करेगा यदि वह अंकित मूल्य पर 15% की छूट देता है?

  1. 5 Rs/ रूपये

  2. 10 Rs/ रूपये

  3. 25 Rs/ रूपये

  4. 35 Rs/ रूपये
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. MP = 1.25x. At 5% discount: SP = 1.25x × 0.95 = 1.1875x. At 10% discount: SP = 1.25x × 0.90 = 1.125x. Profit difference = (1.1875x - 1.1255x) = 0.0625x = Rs 14, so x = 224. At 15% discount: SP = 1.25 × 224 × 0.85 = Rs 238. Profit = 238 - 224 = Rs 10.

Multiple choice

If by selling a watch for Rs. 1056, David loses 12%, what was the cost price of the watch? यदि एक घड़ी को 1056 रू. में बेचने पर डेविड को 12% की हानि होती है तो उस घड़ी का क्रय मूल्य क्या था?

  1. Rs. 1250

  2. Rs. 1100

  3. Rs. 1150

  4. Rs. 1200
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Selling at 12% loss means SP = 88% of CP. CP = 1056 / 0.88 = Rs. 1200. Verification: 12% of 1200 = 144, 1200 - 144 = Rs. 1056 ✓. Option D is correct.

Multiple choice

After selling 39 dozens of mangoes, a man earns a profit equal to the sale proceeds of 13 dozen of mangoes. What is the percentage of his profit? 39 दर्जन आम बेचने पर एक व्यक्ति को 13 दर्जन आम के विक्रय मूल्य के बराबर लाभ होता है। इस प्रकार उसको कितने प्रतिशत का लाभ हुआ?

  1. 26%

  2. 33%

  3. 40%

  4. 50%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let selling price per dozen = S. Total sale proceeds for 39 dozen = 39S. Profit = sale proceeds of 13 dozen = 13S. Cost price = 39S - 13S = 26S. Profit % = (Profit/CP) × 100 = (13S/26S) × 100 = 50%.

Multiple choice

A person sold an article at 20% profit on the selling price. Afterwards, when the cost price reduced by 10%, then he also reduced the selling price by 10%. His percentage of profit on cost price will be : एक व्यक्ति ने कोई वस्तु विक्रय मूल्य पर 20% के लाभ पर बेची। बाद में, जब क्रय मूल्य 10% कम हो गया तो उसने विक्रय मूल्य भी 10% कम कर दिया। क्रय मूल्य पर उसके लाभ का प्रतिशत होगा :

  1. 30

  2. 25

  3. 22.5

  4. 12.5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let initial SP = 100. Profit = 20% on SP, so CP = 80. New CP = 80 × 0.9 = 72. New SP = 100 × 0.9 = 90. New profit = 90 - 72 = 18. Profit % on new CP = (18/72) × 100 = 25%.

Multiple choice

Each question below contains a statement followed by Quantity I and Quantity II. Find both to find the relationship among them. Mark your answer accordingly. Quantity I: The price of item X is marked at Rs 10,000. After giving a discount of 4%, a gain of 20% is achieved. Cost Price of Item X. Quantity II: Selling Price of item Y after two successive discounts of 10% and 15% is provided on the Marked Price of Rs 10,000.

  1. Quantity I > Quantity II

  2. Quantity I ≥ Quantity II

  3. Quantity II > Quantity I

  4. Quantity II ≥ Quantity I

  5. Quantity I = Quantity II or Relation cannot be established
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Quantity I: MP = 10000, Discount = 4%, so SP = 9600. Gain = 20%, so CP = SP / 1.2 = 9600 / 1.2 = Rs 8000. Quantity II: MP = 10000, After 10% discount = 9000, After 15% discount = 9000 × 0.85 = Rs 7650. Since 8000 > 7650, Quantity I > Quantity II, so Option A is correct.