Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

A watch was sold at a profit of 15%. If its cost had been 5% less and it had been sold for Rs 21 less, then the profit would have been 10%. Find the cost price of the watch.

  1. Rs. 100

  2. Rs. 200

  3. Rs. 168

  4. Rs. 225

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. Original SP = 1.15x (15% profit). If CP were 5% less (0.95x) and sold for Rs 21 less (1.15x - 21), profit = 10%. So (1.15x - 21) / 0.95x = 1.10. Solving: 1.15x - 21 = 1.045x, so 0.105x = 21, x = 200. Verify: CP=200, SP=230 (15% profit). If CP=190 and SP=209, profit = 19/190 = 10%. Correct.

Multiple choice

Aaradhya sold an article to Bhavna at a gain of 10%. Bhavna sold it to Chhavi at a 12% gain. Chhavi sold the same to Dhruva at a loss of 22%. If Dhruva paid Rs. 720.72 for the article, what is the cost price for Aaradhya?

  1. 750

  2. 740.40

  3. 700

  4. 720.72

  5. 760
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Work backwards from Dhruva's price. Chhavi sold at 22% loss, so Chhavi's price = 720.72 / 0.78 = 924. Chhavi bought at 12% gain from Bhavna, so Bhavna's price = 924 / 1.12 = 825. Bhavna bought at 10% gain from Aaradhya, so Aaradhya's cost = 825 / 1.10 = 750.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper sells two books each at Rs.180. He gets a profit of 40% on first and loss of 20% on second. Find the respective ratio of cost price of first book and second book. एक दुकानदार दो किताबों को प्रत्येक 180 रू. में बेचता है। उसे पहली किताब पर 40% का लाभ होता है। तथा दूसरी किताब पर 20% की हानि होती है। पहली किताब के क्रयमूल्य तथा दूसरी किताब के क्रयमूल्य में क्रमिक अनुपात ज्ञात कीजिये।

  1. 7 : 5

  2. 8 : 3

  3. 4 : 7

  4. 9 : 5
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both books sell for Rs.180. First book: CP × 1.4 = 180, so CP = 180/1.4 = 128.57. Second book: CP × 0.8 = 180, so CP = 180/0.8 = 225. Ratio of CP1:CP2 = 128.57:225 = 4:7 (approximately 0.571, which equals 4/7).

Multiple choice

If the selling price of 10 oranges is equal to the cost price of 11 oranges, then the gain percent is 10 संतरों का विक्रय मूल्य 11 संतरों के क्रय मूल्य के बराबर है, तो लाभ प्रतिशत है

  1. 10

  2. 11

  3. 15

  4. 25
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Given 10 × SP = 11 × CP, so SP/CP = 11/10 = 1.1. Gain = SP - CP = 0.1 CP. Gain percent = (Gain/CP) × 100 = (0.1CP/CP) × 100 = 10%. This is a standard profit calculation problem.

Multiple choice

While selling an article, Komal gives a discount of 5%. If she gives a discount of 6%, she earns Rs.45 less as profit. What is the marked price of the article? एक वस्तु को बेचते समय, कोमल 5% की छूट देती है | यदि वह 6% की छूट देती है तो वह 45 रु. लाभ के रूप में कम प्राप्त करती है | वस्तु का अंकित मूल्य क्या है ?

  1. Rs. /रु.3750

  2. Rs. /रु.4200

  3. Rs. /रु.4500

  4. Rs. /रु.2250
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let marked price = M. At 5% discount, selling price = 0.95M. At 6% discount, selling price = 0.94M. Difference = 0.01M = Rs. 45. Therefore M = 45/0.01 = Rs. 4500. The 1% difference in discount results in Rs. 45 difference in profit.

Multiple choice

The cost price of an article is 40% of the selling price. What percent of the cost price is the selling price? एक वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य इसके विक्रय मूल्य का 40% है | विक्रय मूल्य क्रय मूल्य का कितना प्रतिशत है ?

  1. 140%

  2. 200%

  3. 220%

  4. 250%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Given CP = 40% of SP, so CP = 0.4 SP. Therefore SP/CP = 1/0.4 = 2.5 = 250%. Selling price is 250% of cost price. This is a straightforward percentage relationship.

Multiple choice

If on a marked price, the difference of selling prices with a discount of 30% and two successive discounts of 20% and 10% is Rs.1188, then the marked price (in rupees) is -

  1. Rs. 59400

  2. Rs. 49500

  3. Rs. 41250

  4. Rs. 39600

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let marked price be M. With 30% discount, SP = 0.70M. With two successive discounts (20% then 10%): after 20%, price is 0.80M; after additional 10%, SP = 0.80M × 0.90 = 0.72M. Difference: 0.72M - 0.70M = 0.02M = 1188. So M = 1188 ÷ 0.02 = 59400. The answer is Rs. 59400 (option A).

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper sells his goods at a loss of 20\% but uses a false weight of 1200 gram at place of 1.5 kg. Find his overall profit/loss percent.

  1. 5% profit

  2. 10% loss

  3. 10% profit

  4. No profit/no loss
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The shopkeeper sells at 20% loss (SP = 0.8 × CP) but gives only 1200g instead of 1500g. For every transaction, customer pays for 1500g but receives 1200g. Revenue = 0.8 × CP of 1500g = 1.2 CP units. Cost = CP of 1200g = 1.2 CP units. Since revenue equals cost, there's no profit or loss — the 20% price discount exactly offsets the 20% quantity cheating (1200/1500 = 0.8).

Multiple choice

Markup price of an article is 125% more than CP and profit percent of shopkeeper is 75%. Find the discount percentage offered by the shopkeeper. एक वस्तु का अंकित मूल्य क्रयमूल्य से 125% अधिक है और दुकानदार का लाभ प्रतिशत 75% है । दुकानदार द्वारा दी गयी छूट प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिये।

  1. 33.33%

  2. 11.11%

  3. 22.22%

  4. 44.44%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. Markup is 125% more than CP, so MP = 225. Profit is 75%, so SP = 175. Discount = (MP - SP) ÷ MP × 100 = (225 - 175) ÷ 225 × 100 = 50 ÷ 225 × 100 = 22.22%. The discount percentage is calculated on the marked price, not the cost price.

Multiple choice

A sells a computer to B at a profit of 12% and B sells it to C at a profit of 25%, if C purchase it for Rs. 5040. What is the cost price of that computer for A? A ने एक कम्प्यूटर B को 12% लाभ पर तथा B ने इसे C को 25% लाभ पर बेचा यदि C ने इसे रू 5040 में खरीदा है। तो A के लिए इस कम्प्यूटर का लागत मूल्य क्या है?

  1. Rs. / रू. 4500

  2. Rs. / रू. 3600

  3. Rs. / रू. 3200

  4. Rs. / रू. 3000
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let A's cost price be x. A sells to B at 12% profit, so B pays x(1.12). B sells to C at 25% profit, so C pays x(1.12)(1.25) = x(1.4) = Rs. 5040. Therefore x = 5040/1.4 = Rs. 3600. We can work backwards: C's price (5040) divided by 1.25 gives B's price (4032), and 4032 divided by 1.12 gives A's cost price (3600), making option B correct.

Multiple choice

Profit on 5 articles is equal to discount on 15 articles. Then find the ratio of cost price and marked price where profit is 15%. 5 वस्तुओं पर होने वाला लाभ, 15 वस्तुओं पर दिए गए छूट के बराबर है, तो क्रय मूल्य तथा अंकित मूल्य का अनुपात बताइये यदि लाभ 15% हो।

  1. 50 : 59

  2. 40 : 49

  3. 60 : 69

  4. 70 : 79
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = c, MP = m. Profit = 15%, so SP = 1.15c. Discount = (m - SP)/m = (m - 1.15c)/m = 1 - 1.15(c/m). Profit on 5 = 5 × 0.15c = 0.75c. Discount on 15 = 15 × discount on 1 = 15 × (m - 1.15c). Equating: 0.75c = 15(m - 1.15c). Solving gives c/m = 50/59. Ratio CP:MP = 50:59. Options B, C, D with ratios 40:49, 60:69, 70:79 don't satisfy the condition.

Multiple choice

A merchant buuys goods at 20% discounts if he want to get a profit of 25% after giving 20% discount then his marked price is how much percent more than the original marked price?

  1. 15%

  2. 65%

  3. 25%

  4. 20%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let original marked price = M. Cost after 20% discount = 0.8M. Desired 25% profit means SP = 1.25 × 0.8M = M. After 20% discount on new marked price M': 0.8M' = M. So M' = 1.25M, which is 25% more than M. The merchant compensates for both discounts by raising the marked price.

Multiple choice

A radio markes the label price of Rs 286 so as to gain 30 percent more than manufacturing cost. But when selling it, he gives a discount of 10 percent on the label price. How much would he gain?

  1. Rs. 257.40

  2. Rs. 254.40

  3. Rs. 198

  4. Rs. 37.40
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Manufacturing cost = Rs 286/1.3 = Rs 220. Selling price after 10% discount = Rs 286 × 0.9 = Rs 257.40. Gain = Rs 257.40 - Rs 220 = Rs 37.40. The gain is the difference between actual selling price and cost, not the margin percentage.