Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

A seller guarantees to sell an item at cost price but actually sells at 20% more than the cost price and only 80% of 1 kg. Find her profit percentage? एक विक्रेता क्रयमूल्य पर एक वस्तु को बेचने का दावा करता है, लेकिन वास्तव में वह क्रयमूल्य से 20% अधिक और 1 किलोग्राम का 80% ही बेचता है। उसका लाभ प्रतिशत बताईये?

  1. 44%

  2. 33.33%

  3. 50%

  4. 60%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

माना क्रयमूल्य = 100, विक्रेता 120 में 800 ग्राम बेचता है। प्रभावी विक्रयमूल्य प्रति किलो = 120 / 0.8 = 150 है। लाभ प्रतिशत = (150 - 100) / 100 × 100 = 50% है। यह एक क्लासिक धोखाधड़ी वाला प्रश्न है जहां विक्रेता मूल्य और मात्रा दोनों में हेरफेर करता है। विक्रेता का दावा गलत है क्योंकि वह कम मात्रा में अधिक मूल्य पर बेच रहा है।

Multiple choice

The cost price of two articles A and B are in the ratio of 9:11 and ratio of their respective quantities is 4 : 5. If A is sold at 10% profit and B is sold at 20% profit , then what is the overall profit percentage?(approx.) दो वस्तुओ A और B की लागत मूल्य अनुपात 9 : 11 है और उनकी मात्रा का अनुपात 4 : 5 है। यदि वस्तु A को 10% लाभ पर और वस्तु B को 20% लाभ पर बेचा जाता है, तो कुल लाभ प्रतिशत क्या होगा ?(लगभग)

  1. 16%

  2. 18%

  3. 20%

  4. 12.5%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP of A = 9x, B = 11x and quantities be 4y, 5y. Total CP = 9x×4y + 11x×5y = 36xy + 55xy = 91xy. Total SP = 9x×4y×1.1 + 11x×5y×1.2 = 39.6xy + 66xy = 105.6xy. Profit = 105.6xy - 91xy = 14.6xy. Profit % = (14.6xy/91xy)×100 ≈ 16%.

Multiple choice

A trader sells an article at a loss of 8%, but when he increases the selling price of the article by Rs.164 he earns a profit of 2.25% on the cost price. If he sells the same article for Rs.1760, what is his profit percentage?

  1. 12%

  2. 10%

  3. 14%

  4. 18%

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

At 8% loss: SP = 0.92CP. When SP increases by 164, profit = 2.25%, so 0.92CP + 164 = 1.0225CP, which gives CP = 1600. If SP = 1760, profit = 1760 - 1600 = 160, so profit% = 160/1600 × 100 = 10%.

Multiple choice

Find the profit percentage of the shopkeeper. Statement I: Shopkeeper marked the price of an article at 80% more than its CP. Statement II: MP of article is 20% more than its SP. Statement III: Shopkeeper gives a total discount of 960 Rs to his customer.

  1. I and II

  2. I and III

  3. II and I or III

  4. Any two

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. From statement I: MP = 180 (80% more than CP). From statement II: SP = MP/1.2 = 180/1.2 = 150 (since MP is 20% more than SP). Profit = 150 - 100 = 50, so profit% = 50/100 × 100 = 50%. Statements I and II together are sufficient to determine the profit percentage. Statement III (discount amount) is not needed and is redundant.

Multiple choice

The questions given below contain three statements giving certain data. You have to decide whether the data given in the statements are sufficient for answering the question. A shopkeeper sells a shirt at a profit of Rs. 150. What is his percent profit? I. He allows 20% discount on the marked price which is Rs. 750. II. The cost price is Rs. 450. III. The selling price is Rs. 600.

  1. Only I and II

  2. Only I and III

  3. Only either II or III

  4. Only I

  5. Any one
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

From statement I: Marked price = Rs. 750, discount = 20%. So selling price = 750 × 0.80 = Rs. 600. Profit = 600 - 450 = Rs. 150 (from problem statement). Percent profit = (150/450) × 100 = 33.33%. Statement I alone is sufficient since it gives both marked price and discount, and the profit amount is given in the question. Statement II (cost price = Rs. 450) alone is insufficient without knowing selling price. Statement III (selling price = Rs. 600) alone is insufficient without knowing cost price. However, any one statement (I alone, or II+III together) can solve the problem - hence 'Any one' is correct.

Multiple choice

Selling price of article A is 150% of selling price of article B. If the profit on selling article A is 20% and loss on selling article B is 20%. Find the total profit or loss percentage on selling both articles.

  1. 4% Profit

  2. 4% loss

  3. 5% Profit

  4. No profit no loss

  5. 5% Loss
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let SP of B = x. Then SP of A = 1.5x. CP of A = SP_A ÷ 1.20 = 1.5x ÷ 1.20 = 1.25x. CP of B = SP_B ÷ 0.80 = x ÷ 0.80 = 1.25x. Total CP = 1.25x + 1.25x = 2.5x. Total SP = 1.5x + x = 2.5x. Since Total CP = Total SP, there is no profit and no loss.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper sells sugar at the profit of 20% and uses a weight which is 10% less than the original weight. Find his overall profit percentage?
  1. $33.33%$
  2. $8%$
  3. $12%$
  4. $6.67%$
  5. $Can not be determined$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marked price with 20% profit: selling 100g at price of 120g (since 20% profit). But weight used is 90g (10% less). So shopkeeper gives 90g but charges for 108g (120×0.9). Effective profit = (108-90)/90 = 18/90 = 20%. However, customer pays for 120g but receives only 90g, so additional profit from weight cheating = 30/90 = 33.33%. Combined effect: overall profit = 33.33% (from false weight alone, as the 20% markup is already factored into the selling price). Answer A is correct.

Multiple choice

A man purchases two chairs at Rs. 1161. He sells one at 20% profit and the other at 25% loss. Then he neither gains nor loses. What the cost price of each chair?

  1. Rs. 513, Rs. 788

  2. Rs. 645, Rs. 416

  3. Rs. 745, Rs. 516

  4. Rs. 645, Rs. 516

  5. None of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let chair costs be x and y, with x + y = 1161. One sold at 20% profit: 1.2x. Other sold at 25% loss: 0.75y. No gain/loss means: 1.2x + 0.75y = 1161. Solving: 1.2x + 0.75(1161-x) = 1161 gives 0.45x = 290.25, so x = 645. Then y = 1161 - 645 = 516. Option A (513, 788) doesn't satisfy the equations. Option B (645, 416) gives incorrect sum. Option C (745, 516) gives incorrect sum. Option E is incorrect.

Multiple choice

A person bought 78 toys and sold 22 toys at 18% profit, 42 toys at 25% profit and remaining 14 toys at 26% profit and got a profit of Rs 2353 on whole. What is the cost price of each toy?

  1. 120 Rs

  2. 115 Rs

  3. 112.5 Rs

  4. 125 Rs

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP of each toy be x. Total profit = 22×0.18x + 42×0.25x + 14×0.26x = 2353. This simplifies to 3.96x + 10.5x + 3.64x = 2353, or 8.1x = 2353, giving x ≈ 290.49. None of the given options (120, 115, 112.5, 125) match this.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper marked the price of an article 20% above the cost price and offered a discount of 12% on the marked price. What percentage gain or loss on selling article? एक दुकानदार ने एक वस्तु का अंकित मूल्य, लागत मूल्य से 20% अधिक अंकित किया है। तथा अंकित मूल्य पर 12% की छूट की पेशकश करता है। तो दुकानदार को इस वस्तु पर कितने प्रतिशत लाभ या हानि होता है?

  1. 5.6 % loss / 5.6% हानि

  2. 14.4 % loss / 14.4% हानि

  3. 10.5% Profit / 10.5% लाभ

  4. 5.6% Profit/ 5.6% लाभ
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = 100. MP = 120 (20% above CP). Discount = 12% of 120 = 14.4. SP = 120 - 14.4 = 105.6. Profit = 105.6 - 100 = 5.6%. Gain is 5.6% profit, not loss.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper buy a tv for Rs.3400.His expense on transport is ₹ 100. He mark the ₹ 4800 on tv. And give 12.5% discount. Then find the profit percent of the shopkeeper. एक दुकानदार 3400 रुपये में एक टीवी खरीदता है। परिवहन पर खर्च 100 ₹ है। वह टीवी पर 4800 ₹ अंकित करता है यदि वह 12.5% छूट देता है तो लाभ प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिये ।

  1. 25%

  2. 30%

  3. 40%

  4. 20%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Total cost = Rs. 3400 + Rs. 100 = Rs. 3500. Marked price = Rs. 4800. Discount = 12.5% of 4800 = 0.125 × 4800 = Rs. 600. Selling price = 4800 - 600 = Rs. 4200. Profit = 4200 - 3500 = Rs. 700. Profit percent = (700/3500) × 100 = 20%.

Multiple choice

If an article is sold at 10% profit instead of 8% loss, the seller gets ₹ 11.52 more. Find the cost price . यदि कोई वस्तु 8% हानि की जगह 10% लाभ पर बेंची जाती है,तो विक्रेता को 11.52 रूपये अधिक मिलते हैं । क्रय मूल्य बताईये ।

  1. Rs. 128 / 128 रूपये

  2. Rs. 64/ 64 रूपये

  3. Rs. 32/ 32 रूपये

  4. Rs. 80/ 80 रूपये
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

When selling at 10% profit, you receive 110% of CP. When selling at 8% loss, you receive 92% of CP. The difference between these two scenarios is 18% of CP, which equals ₹11.52. Therefore, CP = 11.52/0.18 = ₹64.

Multiple choice

A Shopkeeper marks up his goods by 20% and gives a discount of 5%. Also, he uses a false balance, which reads 1000 grams for 750 grams. What is his total profit percent? एक दुकानदार अपने सामान की कीमत में 20% की वृद्धि करता है और 5% की छूट देता है। वह 1000 ग्राम के स्थान पर 750 ग्राम के गलत बाँट का भी प्रयोग करता है कुल लाभ प्रतिशत क्या है?

  1. 50%

  2. 48%

  3. 58%

  4. 52%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

After 20% markup and 5% discount, effective price factor = 1.20 × 0.95 = 1.14 (14% profit on price). False balance gives 750g but charges for 1000g, multiplying effective profit by 1000/750 = 4/3. Total profit factor = 1.14 × (4/3) = 1.52, meaning 52% profit. The false weight significantly amplifies the already-profitable pricing strategy.

Multiple choice

The cost price of 30 articles is equal to the selling price of 25 articles. What is profit percent in the transaction ? 30 वस्तुओ का क्रय-मूल्य, 25 वस्तुओ के विक्रय-मूल्य के बराबर है। लाभ प्रतिशत क्या होगा?

  1. 16.66 %

  2. 25%

  3. 20%

  4. 11.22%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

CP of 30 articles = SP of 25 articles. Let CP of each article = Re 1, so CP of 30 = Rs 30. This equals SP of 25 articles, so SP of each = 30/25 = Rs 1.20. Profit per article = Rs 0.20 on CP of Re 1. Profit percent = (Profit/CP) × 100 = (0.20/1) × 100 = 20%. Alternatively: CP of 30 = SP of 25 means SP/CP = 30/25 = 6/5 = 1.2, giving 20% profit directly. Option C is correct.

Multiple choice

The percentage profit earned by selling an article for Rs.1800 is equal to the percentage loss incurred by selling the same article at Rs.1400. At what price should the article be sold to make a profit of 35%. एक वस्तु को 1800 रू. में बेचने पर हुआ लाभ 1400 रू. में बेचने पर हुई हानि के बराबर है। तो 35% लाभ प्राप्त करने के लिए वस्तु का विक्रय मूल्य कितना होगा?

  1. Rs.2060

  2. Rs.2760

  3. Rs.2160

  4. Rs.2560
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. Profit % at Rs.1800 equals Loss % at Rs.1400, so (1800-x)/x = (x-1400)/x. This gives 1800 - x = x - 1400, so 2x = 3200 and x = Rs.1600. For 35% profit, SP = 1600 × 1.35 = Rs.2160. The cost price is exactly midway between the two selling prices when profit% equals loss%.