Quantitative Aptitude

Profit, Loss and Discount

2,604 Questions
All Basic CP/SP Percentage Relationship 874 Marked Price, Markup, and Discount 786 Partial Sales and Multiple Transactions 338 Successive Discounts 218 Cost Price of X = Selling Price of Y 180 Faulty Weight or Measure 126 Equal Profit and Loss Rates 57 Free-item Offers 23 Price and Consumption Variation 1

Profit, Loss and Discount Questions

Multiple choice

The marked price of article A is 1600 more than its cost price. If article A is sold at a discount of 500 and earn a profit of 25%. At what price he should sell the article to make 30% profit ?

  1. 5720

  2. 5270

  3. 5370

  4. 5730

  5. 5470
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Marked Price = CP + 1600. Selling at discount of 500 gives SP = MP - 500 = CP + 1100. This SP gives 25% profit, so 1.25×CP = CP + 1100, CP = 1100/0.25 = 4400. For 30% profit: SP = 1.3×4400 = 5720.

Multiple choice

A person bought 8 quintal of rice for certain rupees. After a week, he sold 3 quintal of rice at 10% profit, 3 quintal of rice with neither profit nor loss and 2 quintal at 5% loss. In this transaction, what is the profit percentage? एक व्यक्ति ने कुछ रूपयें में 8 क्विंटल चावल खरीदा। एक सप्ताह बाद, उसने 3 क्विंटल चावल 10% लाभ पर, 3 क्विंटल चावल बिना किसी लाभ या हानि पर और 2 क्विंटल 5% हानि पर बेच दिया। इस लेनदेन में कितना लाभ प्रतिशत है?

  1. 10%

  2. 20%

  3. 25%

  4. 2.5%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Total profit = (3 × 10%) + (3 × 0%) + (2 × -5%) = 30% + 0% - 10% = 20% on total cost. Profit percentage = 20% ÷ 8 = 2.5%. Options A, B, and C are much higher and don't account for the weighted average across different quantities.

Multiple choice

The marked price of an article is Rs. 1200. What is the cost price of the article? I. 20% discount is given on the marked price. II. The difference between the selling price and cost price of the article is Rs. 160.

  1. Only I

  2. Only II

  3. Either I or II

  4. Neither I nor II

  5. Both I and II
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

This question asks for cost price given marked price of Rs. 1200. Statement I: 20% discount on MP means SP = 1200 × 0.8 = Rs. 960. Statement II: SP - CP = Rs. 160, so CP = SP - 160 = 960 - 160 = Rs. 800. Both statements together are necessary to find the cost price - I gives the selling price after discount, and II gives the relationship between SP and CP.

Multiple choice

Two successive discounts on an article are given to a customer. Find the second discount. (I) The first discount is 20%. (II) The marked price of the article is Rs 600. (III) The selling price of the article is Rs 400.

  1. Only II & III

  2. Only I & II

  3. Only I & III

  4. All three together are not sufficient

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Successive discounts problem. First discount is 20% on MP of Rs 600, reducing it to Rs 480. Final SP is Rs 400, so second discount is (480-400)/480 = 16.67%. Statements I (20% first discount) and III (SP=Rs 400) are sufficient with MP given in II. But careful: MP is in statement II. So I and III alone are NOT sufficient - we need MP from II. Therefore I, II, and III together are sufficient. Option E 'None of these' would mean the correct combination is not listed. Let me verify: if the answer is E, it implies none of A-D are correct. A is 'Only II & III' - insufficient without discount %. B is 'Only I & II' - insufficient without SP. C is 'Only I & III' - insufficient without MP. D says all three together are NOT sufficient - but they ARE sufficient. So E is correct - the right answer (all three together) isn't listed in A-D.

Multiple choice

A milkman sells a homogeneous mixture of water and milk at a rate of Rs.40 per liter. Find the profit percentage of the milkman. Statement I: He bought milk at the rate of Rs.35 per liter. Statement II: He bought water at Rs.10 lower than the rate of milk per liter. Statement III: He sold total 80 litre mixture.

  1. Only I and II

  2. Only I and III

  3. Any two of the three

  4. All three together are sufficient

  5. I, II and III together are not sufficient
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

To find profit %, we need cost price and selling price per unit. II gives milk cost Rs.35/L, so water cost Rs.25/L (10 less). Selling price is Rs.40/L. But profit depends on the milk-water ratio, which is NOT given in any statement. Statement III (80 liters sold) doesn't help find the mixture composition. Even with all three statements, the ratio is unknown.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper buys an article at a discount of 20% on the listed. price from a wholesaler. The shopkeeper marks up the price by 15% on the listed price. A buyer pays Rs. 7590 to get it after paying sales tax at the rate of 10% on the price asked for. Find the profit percentage of the shopkeeper. एक दुकानदार एक वस्तु को एक थोक विक्रेता से अंकित मूल्य पर 20% छूट के बाद खरीदता है। दुकानदार अंकित मूल्य में 15% की वृद्धि करता है। एक ग्राहक इसे माँगे गये मूल्य पर 10% बिक्री दर देकर 7590 रू. अदा करके खरीदता है। दुकानदार का लाभ प्रतिशत ज्ञात कीजिए।

  1. 43.75%

  2. 47.35%

  3. 43.25%

  4. 43%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let listed price = L. Shopkeeper cost = 0.8L (20% discount). Marked price = 1.15L. With 10% sales tax, buyer pays 1.15L × 1.1 = 1.265L = 7590. So L = 7590/1.265 = 6000. Shopkeeper cost = 0.8 × 6000 = 4800. Selling price (before tax) = 1.15 × 6000 = 6900. Profit = 6900 - 4800 = 2100. Profit percent = (2100/4800) × 100 = 43.75%.

Multiple choice

A person purchased an item and sold it at a loss of 15%. Had he brought it for 25% less and sold it for Rs. 117 more, he would have a profit of 35%, what is the cost price of the item?

  1. 600

  2. 720

  3. 800

  4. 890

  5. 580
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP = x. First scenario: SP = 0.85x (15% loss). Second scenario: new CP = 0.75x, SP = 0.85x + 117 = 1.35(0.75x) = 1.0125x. Solving: 0.85x + 117 = 1.0125x gives x = 720. Verify: 720 × 0.75 = 540, 540 × 1.35 = 729 = 657 + 117.

Multiple choice

A shopkeeper bought two radios for Rs. 1008. He sold one at a loss of 20\% and the other at a profit of 44\%. If he sold both radios at the same price, then find the cost price of the radio which was sold at a loss.

  1. 648

  2. 360

  3. 368

  4. 640

  5. 540
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Let cost prices be x and y. x + y = 1008. Sold at same price: x(1 - 0.20) = y(1 + 0.44), so 0.8x = 1.44y, meaning x = 1.8y. Substituting: 1.8y + y = 1008, so 2.8y = 1008, y = 360. Thus x = 1008 - 360 = 648. The radio sold at loss (20%) had cost price Rs. 648.

Multiple choice

The profit earned after selling an article for Rs. 1666 is the same as the loss incurred after selling the article for Rs. 1252. What is the cost price of the article?

  1. Rs.1452

  2. Rs.1458

  3. Rs.1459

  4. Rs.1453

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

When profit equals loss, Cost Price = (Selling Price at profit + Selling Price at loss) / 2. Here: CP = (1666 + 1252) / 2 = 2918 / 2 = 1459. Verification: Profit at 1666 = 1666 - 1459 = 207. Loss at 1252 = 1459 - 1252 = 207. Both are equal, confirming CP = Rs. 1459 is correct.

Multiple choice

By selling 5 articles at Rs. 840 a shopkeeper gives 2 articles as commission and got 20% profit. Find the cost price of 1 article? एक दुकानदार 5 वस्तुएं 840 रू. में बेचता है तथा 2 वस्तुएं कमीशन के रूप में दे देता है और उसे 20% का लाभ होता है तो एक वस्तु का क्रयमूल्य ज्ञात कीजिए।

  1. 70

  2. 100

  3. 140

  4. 700
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Effective selling = 5 - 2 = 3 articles for Rs. 840. With 20% profit: SP = 1.2 × CP_total, so 840 = 1.2 × CP_total, giving CP_total = 700. This is CP of 5 articles, so CP of 1 article = 700/5 = 140. But wait - the commission means only 3 articles are effectively sold. So CP of 3 = 700, CP of 1 = 700/3 = 233.33? No. Let's reconsider: SP of 5 = 840, 2 given free, so effective SP of 3 = 840. With 20% profit on 5 articles: CP_5 × 1.2 = 840, CP_5 = 700, CP_1 = 140. Wait, but if 2 are free... Actually: Selling 5 for 840, giving 2 free means customer pays 840 for 3 articles effectively. But shopkeeper's cost is for 5 articles. Profit is on cost of 5. 840 = 1.2 × CP_5, so CP_5 = 700, CP_1 = 100.

Multiple choice

By selling an article at 20 % profit the profit is four times of discount then market price is what percent of cost price? एक वस्तु को 20% लाभ में बेचने पर हुआ लाभ छूट का चार गुना है। तो अंकित मूल्य, क्रय मूल्य का कितना प्रतिशत है?

  1. 25%

  2. 120%

  3. 125%

  4. 150%
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

CP मानें 100, तो 20% profit पर SP = 120। Profit = 20। दिया है: profit = 4 × discount, तो discount = 20/4 = 5। MP - discount = SP, अतः MP - 5 = 120, इसलिए MP = 125। MP, CP का 125% है।

Multiple choice

Find the marked price of a scooter. Statement I: Dealer has given Rashmi a discount of 10000 and still made a profit of 40%. Statement II: The discount offered to Rashmi by the dealer was 12.5% of the marked price. Statement III: Dealer bought the scooter for 48000 and has paid 2000 as the transportation cost.

  1. Any two

  2. All three together are sufficient

  3. II and III

  4. I and III

  5. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Statement III gives CP = 48000 + 2000 = 50000. Statement I says discount = 10000 and profit = 40%, so SP = 50000 * 1.4 = 70000. Marked Price = SP + discount = 70000 + 10000 = 80000. Statement II (discount = 12.5% of MP) is not needed and can be used for verification: 10000/80000 = 12.5% ✓. Only I and III are sufficient.

Multiple choice

The profit on selling an article for Rs.3460 is double of the profit on selling the same article for Rs.3280. Find the cost price of article. एक वस्तु को 3460 रूपये में बेचने पर हुआ लाभ उसी वस्तु को 3280 रूपये में बेचने पर हुए लाभ का दुगुना है तो वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये ।

  1. 3000

  2. 3340

  3. 3100

  4. 2600
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Let CP be cost price. Profit at Rs. 3460 equals twice the profit at Rs. 3280: (3460 - CP) = 2(3280 - CP). Solving: 3460 - CP = 6560 - 2CP, giving CP = 3100. At this CP, selling at Rs. 3460 gives profit of Rs. 360, and selling at Rs. 3280 gives profit of Rs. 180 - exactly double the relationship stated.

Multiple choice

If the marked price of an article is Rs. 2800 and discount is 5%. If the profit on selling the article is 33% then find the cost price of article. यदि एक वस्तु का अंकित मूल्य 2800 रूपये है और उस पर 5% की छूट मिलती है । यदि उस वस्तु को बेचने पर 33% का लाभ होता है तो वस्तु का क्रय मूल्य ज्ञात कीजिये ।

  1. 2000

  2. 1900

  3. 2560

  4. 2200
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

First calculate the selling price after discount: Rs. 2800 × 0.95 = Rs. 2660. Since profit is 33%, the selling price equals 133% of cost price. Therefore CP = 2660/1.33 = Rs. 2000. Option B (1900) and D (2200) are common errors from incorrect percentage calculations. Option C (2560) would imply a much smaller profit.