Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice political science rights of a child and human rights administrative reforms role of media in democracy the media in democracy

In India the violation of any kind of human right is appealed to _________.

  1. Supreme Court

  2. High Court

  3. National Human Rights Commission

  4. The District Human Rights Commission
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Protection of Human Rights Act mandates the National Human Rights Commission of India to perform the functions such as proactively or reactively inquire into violations of human rights or negligence in the prevention of such violation by a public servant.

Multiple choice civics our social environment changing family trends family trends contemporary indian society

Lok Adalat is __________.

  1. A court to settle disputes through compromise or settlements

  2. A court designed to shorten the time taken for settling disputes

  3. A court run by the people

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lok Adalat literally means people’s court. Lok Adalat is a special type of court in which disputes are settled by the mutual consent. Disputes are solved by direct talks between litigants. Main condition of the Lok Adalat is that both parties in dispute should agree for settlement. It is a court designed to shorten the time taken for settling disputes.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

When a judge decides civil cases, he is called __________.

  1. Justice

  2. Judge

  3. The District Judge

  4. The Sessions Judge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Civil cases are handled by the district judges. Civil cases refer to clashes between two or more persons with respect to property, breach of agreement or contract, divorce or landlord-tenant disputes. Civil Courts resolve these disputes. They do not issue any punishment as a violation of the law is not involved in civil cases.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

When a judge decides criminal cases, he is called __________.

  1. Justice

  2. Judge

  3. The District Judge

  4. The Sessions Judge
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Criminal cases are handled by sessions judges. They refer to violation of laws. These cases are regarding theft, rape, physical assault, murder, etc. These cases are filed in the lower court by the police, on behalf of the state, against the accused. These cases lead to punishment, like fine, imprisonment or even death sentence, to the guilty.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which is the lowest court of revenue?

  1. District Collector's court

  2. Divisional Commissioner's court

  3. District Court

  4. Naib Tehsildar's court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are Revenue Courts to resolve disputes relating to the agricultural land. The Hierarchy of the revenue courts from top to bottom for disposing of various matters are:
• Financial commissioner,
• Collector (Deputy Commissioner/Additional District Magistrate),
• Revenue Assistant (Sub Divisional Magistrate), and
• Tehsildar/Naib-Tehsildar.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Usually, the District Judge also acts as a __________.

  1. District Collector

  2. Divisional Commissioner

  3. District Engineer

  4. District Superintendent of Police
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Civil cases are handled by district judges. Appointments and promotion of district judges in any state shall be made by the Governor of the state in consultation with the high court exercising jurisdiction in relation to such state.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which of the following is the highest criminal court at the district level?

  1. Sessions court

  2. District court

  3. First class magistrate court

  4. Magistrate court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Sessions Court is the highest criminal court of the district. Usually, it is presided over by the District Judge, who is called the District and Sessions Judge. It deals with cases concerning more serious offences such as robbery, dacoity, murder, 

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which of the following statements regarding session's court is wrong?

  1. Sessions court is the highest criminal court at the district level.

  2. Sessions court can impose unconditional death sentence on the accused.

  3. High court has a supervisory jurisdiction over sessions court.

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Sessions court is the highest criminal court of the district. It deals with more serious offences like dacoity, robbery and murder. The Sessions or Additional Sessions Judge alone can award a death sentence or life imprisonment. It is mandatory that a sentence of death must be confirmed by the High Court before it is carried out irrespective of whether an appeal is made to the High Court or not. 

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

The Judge of a Subordinate Court is termed as  _______ while dealing with civil cases.

  1. Subordinate Judge

  2. Sessions Judge

  3. District judge

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The court of the District judge is the principal or the highest court of the district. It decides both civil and criminal cases. When a judge decided civil cases he is called the District Judge and when he decides criminal cases he is called the Sessions Judge.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which Court hears the appeals against the decisions of the sub-judges?

  1. Supreme Court

  2. High Court

  3. Both (A) & (B)

  4. District Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are several civil courts working under the District Judge such as the Court of the Subordinate Civil Judge (First Class), the Court of Sub-Judge (also known as a Munsif) and courts of small causes.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which of the following is the lowest civil court ? The court of a _______________.

  1. Sub-Judge

  2. Munsif

  3. Naib-Tehsildar

  4. Third-class Magistrate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Three tier system of courts exists in India. Under the District and the Sessions Court there are many other courts.  On the civil side the court of Civil Judge is at the lowest level. The court of the Judicial Magistrate is at the lowest level in the Criminal front. The civil cases of small financial hazard are decided by the Junior Division Civil Judge. The criminal cases punishable with five years imprisonment are decided by the Judicial Magistrates.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Each state district is presided over by the ________________.

  1. Subordinate

  2. District court

  3. Judiciary

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

For the purpose of judicial administration, every State is divided into a number of districts, each under the jurisdiction of a District Judge. Every district has Civil Courts, Criminal Courts and Courts of Revenue. 

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which among the following is/are necessary to provide independence to high Court?
1. Separating them from influence of Executive
2. Giving them authority to appoint their own staff
3. Banning their practice after retirement
4. Giving the court the power to punish for its contempt

  1. Only 2

  2. Only 3

  3. Only 1 and 4

  4. All are true
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

1. Separating them from influence of Executive
2. Giving them authority to appoint their own staff
3. Banning their practice after retirement
4. Giving the court the power to punish for its contempt

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

What is the meaning of the term Appellate jurisdiction?

  1. related to additional jurisdictions

  2. Appellate jurisdiction means hearing appeals against the judgments of lower courts

  3. Appellate jurisdiction means the power to issue writs as specified by the Article 226 of the Constitution

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Appellate jurisdiction means hearing appeals against the judgments of lower courts.