Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,814 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which Court is known as Court of Record?

  1. Supreme Court

  2. High Court

  3. Subordinate Court

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A court of record is a court whose acts and proceedings are enrolled for perennial memory and testimony. These records are used with a high authority and their truth cannot be contested. Article 129 of the Indian Constitution makes the Supreme Court the 'court of record. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Who has the power to control the High Court?

  1. State legislative

  2. State Executive

  3. Parliament

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The High Court of a State holds jurisdictions throughout the State. The Parliament is empowered to make a provision for a common High Court for two or more States. The parliament may also extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to one or more Union Territories.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

By which of the following condition a High Court judge vacate his office?

  1. By resignation in writing addressed to the President.

  2. By being appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court or being transferred to any other High Court, by the President

  3. By removal by the President on an address of both Houses of Parliament (supported by the vote of 2/3 of the members present) on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Every Judge, permanent, additional or acting, may vacate his office earlier in any of the follow­ing ways; (i) by resignation in writing addressed to the President; (ii) by being appointed a Judge of the Supreme Court or being transferred to any other High Court, by the President; (iii) by removal by the President on an address of both Houses of Parliament (supported by the vote of 2/3 of the members present) on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity,. The mode of removal of a Judge of the High Court shall thus be the same as that of a judge of the Supreme Court.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The number of States under the jurisdiction of a High Court is decided on the basis of _______________.

  1. area and population to be served

  2. funds at the disposal

  3. intention of the government

  4. number of judges available
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The High Court is the Apex court is the State Judicial System. The high court has jurisdiction over a state, group of state and Union territories based on the population and area and effective working of Justice dispensation system.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

A retired Judge of High Court cannot _______________.

  1. practice in the Supreme Court

  2. parctice in any High Court of India

  3. practice in the High Court from where he has retired

  4. practice in any Court of India
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
 The Constitution of India provides for the Restriction on Practice after being a permanent judge of a High Court. It says that the retired permanent judges of High Court are prohibited from pleading or acting in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and other High Courts meaningly that they may practice in the Supreme Court and Other high Courts. This ensures that they do not favour anyone in hope of future favour.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which of the following is not a qualification for a person to be the Chief Justice of High Court?

  1. He should have been a Judge in any court of India for not less than 10 years

  2. He should be a distinguished jurist

  3. He should be a citizen of India

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The qualifications to be appointed as a judge of the High court are:
1) A person should be a citizen of India
2) He should have held a judicial office in the territory of India for ten years or he should have been an advocate of a High Court (or high courts) for ten years.
Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The High Court having the jurisdiction in Judicial matters relating to the largest number of States/Union Territories is ______________.

  1. Kolkata High Court

  2. Kerala High Court

  3. Mumbai High Court

  4. Guwahati High Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

the Guwahati High Court was established on 1st March 1948 after the Government of India Act 1935 was passed. It was originally known as the High Court of Assam and Nagaland but renamed as Gauhati High Court in 1971. It has the largest jurisdiction in terms of States then its area covering the states of Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland, and Mizoram.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The pension of a High Court Judge is charged to the ______________.

  1. Consolidated Fund of India

  2. Consolidated Fund of the State where he last served

  3. Consolidated Fund of the different States where he has served

  4. Contingency Fund of India
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The judges of the High Court are paid such salaries as specified in the Second schedule. They are also entitled to such allowances in respect of leave and pension as Parliament may determine from time to time. Article 221 of constitution of India provides that the salaries, allowances and pensions are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

In which year was the High Court first established?

  1. 1861

  2. 1860

  3. 1972

  4. 1980
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The ‘Indian High Court Act’ of 1861, vested in Queen of England to issue letters patent to erect and establish High Courts of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay. The High Courts of Calcutta, Madras and Bombay were established by Indian High Courts Act 1861.
Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Consider the following statements:
1. The mode of removal of a Judge of a High Court in India is same as that of removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.
2. After retirement from the office, a permanent Judge of a High Court cannot plead or act in any court or before any authority in India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A judge of the supreme court or High court is removed by the Process of impeachment. The President is authorized to remove the judge from his office only after an address by the Parliament has been presented to him in the same session for such removal. The address must be supported by a special majority of each house of the Parliament. (Majority of the total membership of that House and a majority of not less than two-thirds of the member of that House present and voting).

The retired permanent judges of a High court are prohibited from pleading or acting in any court or before any authority in India except the Supreme Court and other high courts. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which of the following statements regarding Judiciary in India are correct?
I. Supreme Court of India is free from the control and influence of Legislature and Executive.
II. Subordinate courts are at the head of the judicial hierarchy of the State.
III. The Chief Justice and other Judges of the High Court are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Justice of India.
IV. A High Court can withdraw a case from a subordinate court and can deal with the case itself if it is satisfied that the case involves a substantial point of constitutional law.

  1. I and II

  2. I and III

  3. I and IV

  4. II, III and IV
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The Indian Constitution has adopted Single, Integrated and Independent Judiciary. Article 50 of the Constitution of India provides for separation of Judiciary from the Executive. The Constitution has made provisions ensuring the independence of the Supreme Court and High Courts.
Article 228 of the Constitution of India says that the High Court can withdraw a case pending in a subordinate court if it involves a substantial question of law that requires the interpretation of the Constitution. It can either dispose of the case itself or determine the question of law and return it to subordinate court.
Multiple choice civics courts and their importance high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Where does the government files a case against a criminal?

  1. Civil Court

  2. Criminal Court

  3. Supreme Court

  4. All above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In criminal court, the government files a case against someone for committing a crime. The person accused of committing the crime is called the defendant. The government must prove that the defendant is guilty beyond a reasonable doubt, which is a very high standard.

Multiple choice civics courts and their importance high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which court deals with the enforcement of civil rights?

  1. Civil Court

  2. Criminal Court

  3. Revenue Court

  4. Tahasildar Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

LCCR/EF is concerned only with civil courts, because they deal with the enforcement of civil rights laws. In a civil suit, one party (the plaintiff) who feels they were harmed brings a complaint against another party (the defendant).