Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which of the following is not a power of the High Court?

  1. Supervision over all courts under its jurisdiction

  2. Jurisdiction over revenue matters

  3. Supervision over tribunals constituted by law relating to the armed forces

  4. Issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights or for any other purpose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Under Article 227 it is specifically provided that the High Court has the power of superintendence over all the courts and tribunals throughout its jurisdictional territory, except military tribunals.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

When can the salaries of High Court judges be reduced?

  1. If Parliament decrees it by two-thirds majority

  2. During a Financial Emergency

  3. If the State Legislature passes a law to the effect

  4. At no time
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Article 360 provides for the imposition of Financial emergency if the President is satisfied that the situation has arisen where the financial stability or the credit of India is in danger. The effect of this emergency can reduce the salary of public servants including the judges of Supreme Court and High Court. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

A High Court consists of a Chief Justice and __________________.

  1. at least 5 other judges

  2. such other judges as specified in the Constitution

  3. such other judges as determined by Parliament

  4. such other judges as determined by the President
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Constitution if India provides that every State shall have a High Court operating within its territorial jurisdiction. The composition if the High Courts is that every High Court shall consists of a Chief Justice and such other judges as the President of India may from time to time appoint.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The salaries of the Judges of the High Courts are paid from the _____________.

  1. Funds collected as fees for cases

  2. Consolidated Fund of the State

  3. Consolidated Fund of India

  4. State revenues
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sitting judges of High Court are entitled to salaries, allowances and privileges as parliament from time to time determine. The expense of salaries and allowances of the High court judges are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the State.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The High Court enjoys the power:
I. to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
II. to exercise superintendence over the working of courts and tribunals under its jurisdiction.
III. to make general rules and prescribe forms regulating the practices and proceeding of courts under its jurisdiction. 

  1. I and II

  2. II and III

  3. I and III

  4. I, II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The High court is the apex court in State Judiciary in India. Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the High court can issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights. Article 227 provides for the power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court and It can make and issue rules and prescribe forms to regulate the practice and proceedings in Court.

Multiple choice social studies directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties directive principles and fundamental duties fundamental duties fundamental duties and directive principles

Separation of the Judiciary from the Executive is enjoined by ______________.

  1. Preamble

  2. Directive Principle

  3. Seventh Schedule

  4. Judicial Decision
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option B is the correct answer. Article 50 of Constitution of India is a directive principle of state policy. It gives a direction to the State to keep Judiciary independent of the Executive, particularly in judicial appointments.

Multiple choice social studies directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties directive principles and fundamental duties fundamental duties fundamental duties and directive principles

It is inappropriate for petitioners in Public Interest Litigation to __________________-.

  1. write to any single judge of the Supreme Court

  2. act pro bono publico

  3. withdraw proceedings as of right, and further to claim that they shall not be continued

  4. ask for the direction of new legislation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Public Interest Litigation is a judicial innovation that relaxes the rule of Locus Standi (right to sue). It allows any public-spirited person or organization to file a suit against any wrongdoing in the interest of people who are getting affected. It is inappropriate once PIL is filed and jurisdiction of the court is invoked to withdraw the petition, as it would discourage the actual motive behind the concept that is public justice and would show the incredibility on the part of the petitioner while wasting the time of the court.

Multiple choice elements of business fundamentals of business activities characteristics of vocational activities basis of classification of business activities classification of business

President of National Company Law Tribunal cannot be re-appointed on expiry of his term.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Section 10FE, Companies Act, talks about the "term of office of president and members."
The President and every other Member of the Tribunal shall hold office as such for a term of three years from the date
on which he enters upon his office but shall be eligible for re-appointment :
Provided that no President or other Member shall hold office as such after he has attained, -
(a) in the case of the President, the age of sixty-seven years ;
(b) in the case of any other Member, the age of sixty-five years :
Provided further that the President or other Member may retain his lien with his parent cadre or Ministry or
Department, as the case may be, while holding office as such.
Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

Where should consumers go to get justice ?

  1. District court

  2. High court

  3. Supreme court

  4. Consumer court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Consumers should go to Consumer Courts to get justice for their grievances.
Depending on the value, the following courts can be approached.
National level consumer court hears claims amounting more than Rs. 1 crore.
State level consumer court hears claims amounting less than Rs 1 crore.
District level consumer court hears claims amounting up to Rs 20 lakhs.

Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

The district level court deals with the cases involving claims up to Rs _________.

  1. 10 lakhs

  2. 20 lakhs

  3. 30 lakhs

  4. 40 lakhs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • National Level Consumer Court  with amount more than 1 Crore
  • State Level Consumer Court with less than 1 Crore amount
  • District Level Consumer Court value of product up to 20 Lacs.

Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

The district level consumer court deals with the cases involving claims up to _____.

  1. Rs. 5 lakh

  2. Rs. 10 lakhs

  3. Rs. 15 lakhs

  4. Rs. 20 lakhs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
National level consumer court hears cases amounting to more than Rs 1 crore.
State level consumer court hears cases amounting less than Rs 1 crore.
District level consumer court hears cases amounting up to Rs 20 lakhs.
Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

In case the district level consumer court dismisses case field by a consumer , the consumer _____.

  1. has the right to appeal in the state level court

  2. must withdraw his case without delay

  3. has the right to get compensation from the producer/seller immediately

  4. has the right to appeal again the district level court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • In case the district level consumer court dismisses case field by a consumer, the consumer has the right to appeal in the state level court.
Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

How do you describe the judicial machinery under COPRA ?

  1. Two-tier quasi-judicial machinery

  2. Three-tier quasi-judicial machinery

  3. Four-tier quasi-judicial machinery

  4. Five-tier quasi-judicial machinery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The three-tier quasi-judicial machinery under COPRA is: 

National level consumer court 
State level consumer court.
District level consumer court.

Multiple choice civics role of the state government legislature at the state level the legislature vidhan sabha and vidhan parishad

Which one of the following houses of legislatures was the highest court of appeal in the state?

  1. The Senate in the U.S.A.

  2. The Lok Sabha in India

  3. House of Lords in the U.K.

  4. House of Representatives in the U.S.A.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The business of UK Parliament takes place in two Houses: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The House of Lords is the second chamber of the UK Parliament. It is independent and complements the work of the elected House of Commons. The Lords shares the task of making and shaping laws and checking and challenging the work of the government.