Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,814 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice civics courts and their importance high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The disputes regarding land revenue and land records are settled by the __________ Courts.

  1. Supreme

  2. Revenue

  3. High

  4. Sessions
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Revenue courts are meant to deal with the revenue related matters of state. Revenue court handle issues such as land ceilings, non-payment of land revenue, tenancy laws, agriculturists and peasants disputes, etc.

Multiple choice civics courts and their importance high court judiciary of the state the high courts

District Magistrate Courts are also known as ________.

  1. Criminal Courts

  2. Supreme Courts

  3. High Courts

  4. Sessions Courts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The courts in India are divided into three categories. The top court is the Supreme Court, the middle court is the High Court, and the lower court is the District Court. District Magistrate courts deal with the criminal cases at the district level.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

A civil case becomes a fit case for appeal to the Supreme Court if ________________________.

  1. it involves a point of Constitutional law

  2. the High Court certifies that it involves a point of law and needs interpretation of the Constitution

  3. it involves a sum of money over Rs. 10,000

  4. the case had come to the High Court under an appeal from a subordinate court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
The Supreme Court most importantly is a court of appeal and hears appeals against the judgment of the lower court. Article 133 of the Constitution provide for an appeal to the supreme court from the judgment of High Court in civil matters.
The appeal lies when High Court certifies that:
1) the case involves a substantial (material) question of law ;
2) the question needs to be decided by the Supreme Court.
Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which of the following is not a power of the High Court?

  1. Supervision over all courts under its jurisdiction

  2. Jurisdiction over revenue matters

  3. Supervision over tribunals constituted by law relating to the armed forces

  4. Issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights or for any other purpose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Under Article 227 it is specifically provided that the High Court has the power of superintendence over all the courts and tribunals throughout its jurisdictional territory, except military tribunals.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

When can the salaries of High Court judges be reduced?

  1. If Parliament decrees it by two-thirds majority

  2. During a Financial Emergency

  3. If the State Legislature passes a law to the effect

  4. At no time
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Article 360 provides for the imposition of Financial emergency if the President is satisfied that the situation has arisen where the financial stability or the credit of India is in danger. The effect of this emergency can reduce the salary of public servants including the judges of Supreme Court and High Court. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

A High Court consists of a Chief Justice and __________________.

  1. at least 5 other judges

  2. such other judges as specified in the Constitution

  3. such other judges as determined by Parliament

  4. such other judges as determined by the President
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Constitution if India provides that every State shall have a High Court operating within its territorial jurisdiction. The composition if the High Courts is that every High Court shall consists of a Chief Justice and such other judges as the President of India may from time to time appoint.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The salaries of the Judges of the High Courts are paid from the _____________.

  1. Funds collected as fees for cases

  2. Consolidated Fund of the State

  3. Consolidated Fund of India

  4. State revenues
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The sitting judges of High Court are entitled to salaries, allowances and privileges as parliament from time to time determine. The expense of salaries and allowances of the High court judges are charged upon the Consolidated Fund of the State.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The High Court enjoys the power:
I. to issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights.
II. to exercise superintendence over the working of courts and tribunals under its jurisdiction.
III. to make general rules and prescribe forms regulating the practices and proceeding of courts under its jurisdiction. 

  1. I and II

  2. II and III

  3. I and III

  4. I, II and III
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The High court is the apex court in State Judiciary in India. Under Article 226 of the Constitution of India, the High court can issue writs for the enforcement of fundamental rights. Article 227 provides for the power of superintendence over all courts by the High Court and It can make and issue rules and prescribe forms to regulate the practice and proceedings in Court.

Multiple choice social studies directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties directive principles and fundamental duties fundamental duties fundamental duties and directive principles

Separation of the Judiciary from the Executive is enjoined by ______________.

  1. Preamble

  2. Directive Principle

  3. Seventh Schedule

  4. Judicial Decision
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Option B is the correct answer. Article 50 of Constitution of India is a directive principle of state policy. It gives a direction to the State to keep Judiciary independent of the Executive, particularly in judicial appointments.

Multiple choice social studies directive principles of state policy and fundamental duties directive principles and fundamental duties fundamental duties fundamental duties and directive principles

It is inappropriate for petitioners in Public Interest Litigation to __________________-.

  1. write to any single judge of the Supreme Court

  2. act pro bono publico

  3. withdraw proceedings as of right, and further to claim that they shall not be continued

  4. ask for the direction of new legislation.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Public Interest Litigation is a judicial innovation that relaxes the rule of Locus Standi (right to sue). It allows any public-spirited person or organization to file a suit against any wrongdoing in the interest of people who are getting affected. It is inappropriate once PIL is filed and jurisdiction of the court is invoked to withdraw the petition, as it would discourage the actual motive behind the concept that is public justice and would show the incredibility on the part of the petitioner while wasting the time of the court.

Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

Where should consumers go to get justice ?

  1. District court

  2. High court

  3. Supreme court

  4. Consumer court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Consumers should go to Consumer Courts to get justice for their grievances.
Depending on the value, the following courts can be approached.
National level consumer court hears claims amounting more than Rs. 1 crore.
State level consumer court hears claims amounting less than Rs 1 crore.
District level consumer court hears claims amounting up to Rs 20 lakhs.

Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

The district level court deals with the cases involving claims up to Rs _________.

  1. 10 lakhs

  2. 20 lakhs

  3. 30 lakhs

  4. 40 lakhs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • National Level Consumer Court  with amount more than 1 Crore
  • State Level Consumer Court with less than 1 Crore amount
  • District Level Consumer Court value of product up to 20 Lacs.

Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

The district level consumer court deals with the cases involving claims up to _____.

  1. Rs. 5 lakh

  2. Rs. 10 lakhs

  3. Rs. 15 lakhs

  4. Rs. 20 lakhs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
National level consumer court hears cases amounting to more than Rs 1 crore.
State level consumer court hears cases amounting less than Rs 1 crore.
District level consumer court hears cases amounting up to Rs 20 lakhs.
Multiple choice civics consumers' awareness consumer protection act of 1986 need for consumer awareness consumer : satisfaction and protection

In case the district level consumer court dismisses case field by a consumer , the consumer _____.

  1. has the right to appeal in the state level court

  2. must withdraw his case without delay

  3. has the right to get compensation from the producer/seller immediately

  4. has the right to appeal again the district level court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • In case the district level consumer court dismisses case field by a consumer, the consumer has the right to appeal in the state level court.