Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice civics role of the state government legislature at the state level the legislature vidhan sabha and vidhan parishad

Mark the incorrect statement (s): 

  1. Advocate-General for the State is a appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Chief Justice of respective High Court

  2. The term of Advocate-General is five years

  3. The Advocate-General holds office at the pleasure of the State Legislature

  4. All are incorrect
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Advocate-General is appointed by the Governor (not in consultation with the Chief Justice), holds office at the pleasure of the Governor (not the legislature), and has no fixed term of five years. Since all statements are incorrect, D is the correct choice.

Multiple choice legal studies our judicial system rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which of the following judicial powers is vested with the Governor?

  1. Appointment of judges of High court.

  2. Removal of judges of High court.

  3. Granting pardon to the one accused in case of death sentence.

  4. None of these.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The governor does not have the power to remove a high court judge. The Constitution provides that a judge can be removed only by an order of the President, based on a motion passed by both houses of parliament.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The International Court of Justice consists of _________.

  1. 10 judges

  2. 15 judges

  3. 12 judges

  4. 9 judges
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The International Court of Justice consists of 15 judges elected to nine-year terms of office. These judges are elected by the United Nations General Assembly and the Security Council, who vote simultaneously but separately. In order to be elected, a candidate must receive an absolute majority of the votes in both bodies.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Judiciary plays a crucial role because it is _____________.

  1. Independent

  2. Dependent

  3. Both (a) & (b)

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Independence of the judiciary means that it is not under the control of the legislature or the executive. The judges do not act on the direction of the government or according to the wishes of the party in power. That is why all modern democracies have courts that are independent of the legislature and the executive. India has achieved this. 

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The highest court in our country is the __________.

  1. Tahasil/Taluka Court

  2. District Court

  3. High Court

  4. Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. It is the highest constitutional court, with the power of constitutional review. It consists of the Chief Justice of India and 30 sanctioned other judges. It has jurisdictions in the three forms: original, appellate and advisory.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Our country has the benefit of the judiciary at all levels.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The Courts and judicial system in India are divided into 3 categories. The hierarchical structure of the courts is important to make the limitation of court with its jurisdiction and exercise of power. 
The Supreme Court of India is at the top of the hierarchical structure followed by High Courts in the regional level and lower courts( District Courts, Village Courts) at the micro level. 
This benefit of the judiciary is at all levels makes dispensation of justice somewhat easier.
Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The State High Court Judge takes the oath in front of the Governor.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The High Court judges are appointed by President with the consultation of Chief Justice of India and Governor of the concerned state. Article 219 specifically provides that every person who is appointed to be a judge of High Court shall before entering upon his office make and subscribe before the Governor of the concerned State or some other person appointed in that behalf by him, an oath or affirmation.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

A judge of the Supreme Court can be removed from his office on the grounds of _____________.

  1. Political views

  2. Religious views

  3. Wrong judgement

  4. His proved misbehaviour or incapacity
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Chief Justice and the other Judges of the Supreme Court are appointed by the President to work till they attain 65 years of age. But if a judge of Supreme court is found guilty of misusing his powers or of acting against the provisions of the constitution, he can be impeached and relieved of his office.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The structure of courts is organised in a hierarchical order. Which one of the following is a middle level court?

  1. Subordinate courts

  2. District courts

  3. High Courts

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The structure of courts is organized in a hierarchical order. According to this the High Courts are a middle level court. High Courts are the highest courts at the State and Union Territories level. These courts have jurisdiction over a State, a Union Territory or a group of States and Union Territories. The High Courts in India enjoys writ, appellate and revision jurisdiction.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

How can a judge of the Supreme Court be removed?

  1. By the Supreme Court itself

  2. By the Parliament through impeachment

  3. By the President alone

  4. By the Police
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Judges cannot be removed from office by any authority through a normal simple procedure. A judge can be removed by the President only for proved misbehaviour and incapacity. This charge needs to be proved only by a joint address by both Houses of Parliament and supported by a two-third majority of members present and voting.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

What is a Public Interest Litigation?

  1. Filing a case in the court in the interest of the public

  2. Reviewing of supreme court judgements

  3. Procedure of removal of a judge

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Public interest litigation is not defined in any statute or in any act. It has been interpreted by judges to consider the intent of public at large. Although, the main and only focus of such litigation is only "Public Interest" there are various areas where a Public interest litigation can be filed. For e.g.
- Violation of basic human rights of the poor.
- Content or conduct of government policy.
- Compel municipal authorities to perform a public duty.
- Violation of religious rights or other basic fundamental rights.
Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Two features of Indian judicial system are ___________.

  1. Independent Judiciary

  2. Integrated Judiciary

  3. Dependent Judiciary

  4. Both (1) and (2)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Two features of Indian Judicial system are:-

  • Integrated Judiciary system - The Constitution establishes a single integrated judicial system for the whole of India. The Supreme Court of India is the highest court of the country and below it are the High Courts at the state level.
  • Independent Judiciary system - The Constitution of India makes judiciary truly independent. It provides for appointment of judges by the President, high qualification for appointment of judges, removal of judges by a difficult method of impeachment.