Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Which is the highest court in the field of revenue in a State?

  1. High Court

  2. Commissioner's Court

  3. Board of Revenue

  4. Collector's Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Board of Revenue comes under Revenue Courts. Board of Revenue deals with revenue related cases. Revenue cases relate to land revenue on agriculture land in the district.

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Consider the following statements:
1. The highest criminal court of the district is the Court of District and Sessions Judge.
2. The District Judges are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the High Courts.
3. A person eligible for appointment as a District Judge should be an advocate or a pleader of seven years standing or more, or an officer in judicial service of the Union or the State.
4. When the Session judge awards death sentences, it must be confirmed by the High Court before it is carried out.
Which of the statements given above are correct? 

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2, 3 and 4

  3. 3 and 4

  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In the State judicial system the High Court is the apex court below and under it are subordinate courts in the District. The District and Sessions Judge's court is the highest civil and criminal court of the district. The judges of the district court are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the High Courts. The qualifications of a person to be appointed as a District Judge are that he should be an advocate or a pleader of 7 years standing or more, or an officer in judicial service of the Union or the State. Further section 366 subsection (1) of the Code of Criminal Procedure 1973 provides that "when the court of Session passes a sentence of death the proceeding shall be submitted to the High Court and the sentence shall not be executed unless it's confirmed by the High Court."

Multiple choice political science subordinate courts the judiciary-subordinate courts and lok adalats the high courts and subordinate courts of india judiciary in state

Who hears first appeals against the decision of the Tehsildar?

  1. District Collector

  2. Divisional Commissioner

  3. Chief Secretary of the State

  4. High Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A District Collector conducts the criminal court of an executive magistrate and is responsible for Maintenance of law and order. He/she hears cases under the preventive section of the Criminal Procedure Code.

Multiple choice civics mahatma gandhi and the national movement contribution of revolutionary organisation in freedom movement revolutionary movement and important revolutionaries revolutionary movement in india quit india movement and ina early struggles of mahatma gandhi

Which of the following statements is not correct? As per the Act of $1935$, the Federal Court would have jurisdiction to decide disputes between?

  1. The Federating Units

  2. The Federating Units and the Federal Government

  3. The Federal Government and a Federating Units

  4. The Centre and constituent units
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Government of India Act of 1935 was the last constitution of British India, before the country was divided, in 1947 and worked till the Indian Constitution was framed. It consisted of 321 sections and 10 schedules. Some of its features were:
1. Introduced provincial autonomy and dyarchy at centre.
2. It provided for the establishment of a federal court which was given exclusive original jurisdiction to decide disputes between the Centre and constituent units.
3. It gave a measure to form a federal form of government and an all India Federation.
Multiple choice political science election and democracy election commission the election commission and electoral reforms the electoral process

The status of Election Commissioner is equivalent to that of the __________.

  1. High Court Judge

  2. Supreme Court Judge

  3. District Court Judge

  4. Magistrate
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Election Commission is a constitutional body created on  ‎25 January 1950 as per Article 324 of the Constitution which is responsible for conducting free and fair elections to various posts in the country. It currently consists of Chief Election Commissioner and two Election Commissioners. They enjoy the same status and receive salary and perks as available to Judges of the Supreme Court of India.

Multiple choice political science women change the world social aspects of gender and women's education position of women and major social evils women empowerment

How do you describe the judicial machinery under COPRA?

  1. 3 tier quasi-judicial machinery

  2. 2 tier quasi-judicial machinery

  3. 4 tier quasi-judicial machinery

  4. 5 tier quasi-judicial machinery
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The judicial machinery under COPRA is described as 3 tier quasi-judicial machinery. 3 tiers are at District level, State level and at National level.


Hence, the correct option is $\text{A}$

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which of the following is not a power of the High Court?

  1. Supervision over all courts under its jurisdiction

  2. Jurisdiction over revenue matters

  3. Supervision over judgements given by the Supreme Court

  4. Issue writs for enforcement of fundamental rights or for any other purpose.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court has original, appellate and advisory jurisdiction. 

High courts have original jurisdiction over those cases in which the High Court has authority to hear and decide cases in the first instance. High courts have the appellate jurisdiction to accept appeals against the decisions of District Courts, in civil as well as criminal matters.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

The _________ court is the highest court at the state level.

  1. High

  2. District

  3. Supreme

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The high court is the highest court at the state level. Each High Court has jurisdiction over a state, a union territory or a group of states and union territories. Below the High Courts is a hierarchy of subordinate courts such as the civil courts, family courts, criminal courts and various other district courts. The High Courts are the principal civil courts of original jurisdiction in each state and union territory. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

A High Court judge can be removed through ______________.

  1. Impeachment in Parliament

  2. Electoral College

  3. Either of the above

  4. None of the Above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A Judge of a High Court can be removed by the President on the ground of proved misbehaviour or incapacity on an address of each House of Parliament. Such an address should be supported by a majority of the total membership of the House and by two-thirds of the members present and voting. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Writs can be issued for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights by ____________.

  1. District Courts

  2. President

  3. The Supreme Court

  4. Both the Supreme Court and High Courts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Writs can be issued for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights by both the Supreme Court and High Court. To enforce the Fundamental Rights, the Supreme Court is empowered under Article 32, to issue writs of various forms. The Article 226 empowers High Courts to issue directions, orders or writs in the nature of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, quo warranto and certiorari.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Each state has ___________.

  1. Judiciary

  2. Supreme Court

  3. High court

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Constitution of India provides for a High Court for each State. There are 24 High Courts in India, including those having jurisdiction over more than one State. Among the Union Territories, only Delhi has a High Court of its own.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Sanctioned strength of judges in High Courts are ___________.

  1. 25

  2. 30

  3. 31

  4. The Constitution does not specify the strength of a high court and leaves it to the discretion of the president.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In India, no two states have similar conditions of law and order. Law and order in a particular state are determined by different factors like population, culture, the available natural resources, etc. Thus, Constitution leaves the strength of High Court judges to be fixed by the discretion of the President. The President fixes the strength of judges in the High Court depending on the requirements of that state.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which of the following is/are the power/s of High Court?

  1. The power to issue writs or orders for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights or for any other purpose.

  2. The power of superintendence over subordinate courts.

  3. The power to transfer cases to themselves pending in the subordinate courts involving interpretation of the Constitution.

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Following are the powers of High Court:-

  • (1) The power to issue writs or orders for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights or for any other purpose;
  • (2) The power of superintendence over subordinate courts;
  • (3)  The power to transfer cases to themselves pending in the subordinate courts involving interpretation of the Consti­tution;
  • (4) The power to appoint officers.

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Which Court is known as Court of Record?

  1. Supreme Court

  2. High Court

  3. Subordinate Court

  4. All of above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A court of record is a court whose acts and proceedings are enrolled for perennial memory and testimony. These records are used with a high authority and their truth cannot be contested. Article 129 of the Indian Constitution makes the Supreme Court the 'court of record. 

Multiple choice legal studies the state judiciary : the high courts high court judiciary of the state the high courts

Who has the power to control the High Court?

  1. State legislative

  2. State Executive

  3. Parliament

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The High Court of a State holds jurisdictions throughout the State. The Parliament is empowered to make a provision for a common High Court for two or more States. The parliament may also extend the jurisdiction of a High Court to one or more Union Territories.