Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice

How are members of the Supreme Court chosen?

  1. Lottery

  2. Interview

  3. Appointed

  4. Elected
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Supreme Court Justices are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate. They are not elected by the public, nor are they chosen by lottery or interview.

Multiple choice

This branch nominates Supreme Court Judges

  1. Legislative

  2. Executive

  3. Judicial
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The President, as head of the Executive branch, has the authority to nominate Supreme Court justices, subject to confirmation by the Senate.

Multiple choice

This branch declares war

  1. Executive

  2. Legislative

  3. Judicial

Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

While the President is the Commander-in-Chief, the Constitution explicitly grants the power to declare war to the Legislative branch (Congress).

Multiple choice

These members serve for a lifetime?

  1. Supreme Court Justices

  2. Senators

  3. Representatives

  4. Presidential advisors
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Supreme Court Justices are appointed for life during good behavior. This is intended to insulate them from political pressure.

Multiple choice political science understanding our criminal justice system criminal justice system the police and the court criminal justice system in india

Which of the following cases can be directly taken by Supreme Court by appeal in the normal course?

  1. All criminal cases where High court rejects to give certificate of appeal.

  2. Criminal cases where death punishment or 10 years imprisonment have been given.

  3. Civil cases with special leave for appeal.

  4. Criminal cases with special leave for appeal.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court can be invoked by a certificate granted by the High Court concerned under Article 132(1), 133(1) or 134 of the constitution, involving substantial question of law as to the interpretation of the constitution. In criminal cases an appeal lies to the Supreme Court if the High Court has convicted the accused and sentenced him to death or to imprisonment for life or for a period of not less than 10 years.     

Multiple choice political science understanding our criminal justice system criminal justice system the police and the court criminal justice system in india

Which of the following courts is vested with the power to impose death sentence on the accused in a criminal case?

  1. First class magistrate court.

  2. Second class magistrate court.

  3. Third class magistrate court.

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The Court of a Chief Judicial Magistrate may pass any sentence authorized by law except a sentence death or life imprisonment or imprisonment for a term exceeding seven years.
A Magistrate of the first class may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding 3 years or of a fine not exceeding Rs. 5000 or of both.
A Magistrate of the second class may pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not exceeding one year, or of fine not exceeding one thousand rupees, or of both.
A third class magistrate can pass a sentence of imprisonment for a term not more than 6 months.
Hence, Sessions Court in the district has power to impose death sentence.
Multiple choice political science the police and the court criminal justice system criminal justice system in india understanding our criminal justice system

Appellate jurisdiction of the Supreme Court in appeal from High Courts in regard to civil matters pertain only to a ______________.

  1. substantial question of law

  2. question of law

  3. question of fact

  4. mixed question of fact and law
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Under Article 133 of the Indian Constitution, an appeal lies to the Supreme Court from any judgment of a High Court in civil proceedings if the High Court certifies that the case involves a substantial question of law of general importance.

Multiple choice commercial applications public sector enterprises role of government and development policies government companies government and taxes

The court having jurisdiction to deal with the matters advising under the Act is the High Court.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Supreme Court to hear matters directly without the matter having been heard previously by any lower court. Advisory Jurisdiction is when a lower court or any constitutional body seeks the advise of the Supreme Court in a matter of law.

Multiple choice commercial applications public sector enterprises role of government and development policies government companies government and taxes

High Court shall have jurisdiction irrespective of place of registered office of the company.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Companies Act, jurisdiction for certain matters can be determined by the location of the registered office, but High Courts have broad jurisdiction in company matters.

Multiple choice economics tax and its importance taxation : need, principles and importance main feature of tax public revenue and taxation

Consider the following statements related to the tax litigations in the country and select the correct ones using the code given below:
1. The tax department of the country is the largest litigant at every level of the judicial hierarchy. 
2. The tax department of the country loses around $65$ per cent of the cases. 
3. There is serious need of enhancing the tax administration and pushing for legal sector reforms in the country. 

  1. 1 and 2

  2. 2 and 3

  3. 1 and 3

  4. 1, 2 and 3
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

India needs to simplify and enhance the effectiveness of her tax administration together with pushing in favour of needful kinds of legal sector reforms ( as was promised in the second generation of economic reforms in 1999−20001999−2000.)

Multiple choice civics special statutory commissions for protection of citizens rights statutory commissions for protection of citizens rights confronting marginalisation working of the constitution

Which court has directed the government to create NCBC ?

  1. High court

  2. Supreme court

  3. Both

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In Indra sawhney case of 1992, supreme court had directed the government to create a permanent body to entertain examine and recommend the inclusion and exclusion of various backward classes for the purpose of benefits and protection.

Multiple choice civics special statutory commissions for protection of citizens rights statutory commissions for protection of citizens rights confronting marginalisation working of the constitution

A person who is or has been a Judge of a High Court may be President of  _____________.

  1. District Forum

  2. State Commission

  3. National Commission

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

State commission for dispute redressal under Consumer Protection Act consists of one President or two or more other members. The President shall be a person who is or has been a judge of the High Court appointed by the State Government. The appointment is made after consultation with the chief justice of that High court

Multiple choice civics special statutory commissions for protection of citizens rights statutory commissions for protection of citizens rights confronting marginalisation working of the constitution

Which of the following is incorrect statement ?

  1. The National Commission is an independent institution

  2. The National Commission has administrative control over the state commission

  3. A person who is or has been Judge of High Court may be appointed the President of National Commission for Disputes Redressal

  4. A member of District Forum can hold office up to the age of 65 years
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Chairman of the National Commission for dispute redressal is a person who is or has been a judge of the Supreme Court.