Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,782 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Judiciary is one of three branches of modern governments. In some governments the principle of judicial supremacy is recognised in theory as well as in practice. It is because ____________.

  1. The judges possess knowledge of the laws

  2. The judges can help in making the laws

  3. There is no need to protect the rights of the citizens

  4. The judiciary is impartial and superior to other branches of the government as it interprets the constitution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Judiciary is one of three branches of modern governments In some governments the principle of judicial supremacy is recognised in theory as well as in practice It is because the judiciary is impartial and superior to other branches of the government as it interprets the Constitution.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

In the case of the writ of Mandamas the Court can _________.

  1. ask the person to be produced in the Court

  2. transfer the case from one court to another

  3. direct the Government to do or not to do a thing

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Article 32 of the constitution empowers the Supreme Court and the High Court to issue following writs:

(1) Habeas Corpus
(2) Mandamus
(3) Prohibition
(4) Certiorari 
(5) Quo- Warranto

Mandamus - It literally means "We Command" This writ is thus a sort of command from a superior court to a subordinate court or an administrative authority in case they refuse to exercise their jurisdiction and fail to perform their duty.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Indian judiciary consists of __________.

  1. A Supreme Court

  2. High Courts in States

  3. District Courts and Local Courts

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Indian judiciary consists of a Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the states, District Courts and the courts at local level. India has an integrated judiciary. It means the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decisions are binding on all other courts of the country.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

How many courts are there at apex level?

  1. Three

  2. Two

  3. None

  4. One
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

There are three different levels of courts in our country. There are several courts at the lower level while there is only one at the apex level. The courts that most people interact with are what are called subordinate or district courts. The apex court in India is the Supreme Court.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which court is at the apex level?

  1. High court

  2. District court

  3. Lower court

  4. Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal under the Constitution of India. Consisting of the Chief Justice of India and 30 other judges, it has extensive powers in the form of original, appellate and advisory jurisdictions.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

For common people access to court is ______________.

  1. access to justice

  2. access to education

  3. access to equality

  4. none of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

In principle, all citizens of India can access the courts in this country. This implies that every citizen has a right to justice through the courts. If any citizen believes that their rights are being violated, then they can approach the court for justice to be done. While the courts are available for all, in reality, access to courts has always been difficult for a vast majority of the poor in India.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

'To increase access to justice' the Supreme Court devised __________.

  1. FIR

  2. PIL

  3. Both (a) & (b)

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court in the early 1980s devised a mechanism of Public Interest Litigation or PIL to increase access to justice. It allowed any individual or organisation to file a PIL in the High Court or the Supreme Court on behalf of those whose rights were being violated. The legal process was greatly simplified and even a letter or telegram addressed to the Supreme Court or the High Court could be treated as a PIL. 

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Dispute between two citizens is resolved primarily by ___________.

  1. High court

  2. Lok Adalat

  3. District court

  4. Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lok Adalats enable the people to settle their disputes speedily and in an efficient and enduring way. Since a decision of the Lok Adalat is based upon the consent of both the parties to the dispute, no appeal can be made by any party after the Lok Adalat has settled the dispute. The parties to the dispute also gain as the aggrieved party gets compensated and the other party gets relief from the botherations and delays that always characterize the judicial process.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Dispute between centre and state comes under the jurisdiction of ________.

  1. High court

  2. Lok Adalat

  3. District court

  4. Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court have the power to interpret the Constitution, and the powers of different levels of the government. The Supreme court acts as an umpire in case of disputes arising between different levels of the government in the exercise of their respective powers of dual objectives. If there is any disputes between the Centre and the State government, Supreme Court plays very important role as middle man to resolve that disputes.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

What does independence of the judiciary mean?

  1. It is not under the control of the legislature or the executive

  2. The judges do not act on the direction of the government

  3. The judges do not act according to the wishes of the party in power

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Independence of the judiciary implies that the courts are free from the influence of the legislature, the executive, and political parties, ensuring impartial justice.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The judiciary of our country is independent and unbiased.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Article 50 of the Constitution of India talks about the separation of judiciary from the executive. Judicial independence refers to the environment where the judges are unbiased and free to make or pass the judgment without any external pressure. 
The Constitution adopts various measures to ensure the independence of the judiciary. Let alone take the examples of appointment of judges which involves judicial as well as executive authority equally. An impartial and independent judicial system in a country alone can protect the rights of the citizens against the arbitrary power of executive or legislature. 
Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which of the following statements about the Indian judiciary is true?

  1. India has an integrated judiciary

  2. The judiciary in India subordinate to the Executive

  3. The Supreme Court is more powerful than Parliament

  4. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the Prime Minister
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An independent and powerful judiciary is considered essential for democracies. The Indian judiciary consists of Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the States, District Courts and the courts at the local level. India has an integrated judiciary. The integrated judiciary system of India instrument that all the courts are interconnected with each other and power enhancement as the level of courts go higher and higher. It means the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decision is binding on all other courts of the country.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court?

  1. It has only the Appellate Jurisdiction

  2. It is the highest federal court of India

  3. It does not have the Original Jurisdiction

  4. It can amend the Constitution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26 January 1950. It has not only succeeded in the Federal Court of India but also the British Privy Council. It is the highest Court of the Country and the last resort for solving the disputes. It is primarily a court of appeal but also has original jurisdiction in certain matters.

The power to amend the Constitution lies with the Parliament.