Civics Polity · Law Legal Studies

Judiciary and Legal Systems

1,814 Questions

Judiciary and legal systems form the framework for interpreting laws and delivering justice. Questions in this section explore judicial review, the hierarchy of courts, and the issuance of writs. This topic is crucial for polity and law prelims preparation.

Judicial reviewHigh courts structureIssuance of writsSubordinate courtsPublic interest litigation

Judiciary and Legal Systems Questions

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Dispute between two citizens is resolved primarily by ___________.

  1. High court

  2. Lok Adalat

  3. District court

  4. Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Lok Adalats enable the people to settle their disputes speedily and in an efficient and enduring way. Since a decision of the Lok Adalat is based upon the consent of both the parties to the dispute, no appeal can be made by any party after the Lok Adalat has settled the dispute. The parties to the dispute also gain as the aggrieved party gets compensated and the other party gets relief from the botherations and delays that always characterize the judicial process.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Dispute between centre and state comes under the jurisdiction of ________.

  1. High court

  2. Lok Adalat

  3. District court

  4. Supreme Court
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court have the power to interpret the Constitution, and the powers of different levels of the government. The Supreme court acts as an umpire in case of disputes arising between different levels of the government in the exercise of their respective powers of dual objectives. If there is any disputes between the Centre and the State government, Supreme Court plays very important role as middle man to resolve that disputes.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

What does independence of the judiciary mean?

  1. It is not under the control of the legislature or the executive

  2. The judges do not act on the direction of the government

  3. The judges do not act according to the wishes of the party in power

  4. All the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Independence of the judiciary implies that the courts are free from the influence of the legislature, the executive, and political parties, ensuring impartial justice.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The judiciary of our country is independent and unbiased.

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Article 50 of the Constitution of India talks about the separation of judiciary from the executive. Judicial independence refers to the environment where the judges are unbiased and free to make or pass the judgment without any external pressure. 
The Constitution adopts various measures to ensure the independence of the judiciary. Let alone take the examples of appointment of judges which involves judicial as well as executive authority equally. An impartial and independent judicial system in a country alone can protect the rights of the citizens against the arbitrary power of executive or legislature. 
Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which of the following statements about the Indian judiciary is true?

  1. India has an integrated judiciary

  2. The judiciary in India subordinate to the Executive

  3. The Supreme Court is more powerful than Parliament

  4. The Chief Justice of India is appointed by the Prime Minister
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

An independent and powerful judiciary is considered essential for democracies. The Indian judiciary consists of Supreme Court for the entire nation, High Courts in the States, District Courts and the courts at the local level. India has an integrated judiciary. The integrated judiciary system of India instrument that all the courts are interconnected with each other and power enhancement as the level of courts go higher and higher. It means the Supreme Court controls the judicial administration in the country. Its decision is binding on all other courts of the country.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which is the highest and final judicial tribunal in respect of the Constitution of India?

  1. Parliament

  2. President

  3. Supreme Court

  4. Union Cabinet
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court is the Apex court of the Nation. The Constitution has made the supreme court the guardian and enforcer of the Fundamental Rights. The Supreme court is primarily a court of appeal and hears appeals against the judgment of High Court in Constitutional, Civil and Criminal Cases. 

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which of the following is true about the Supreme Court?

  1. It has only the Appellate Jurisdiction

  2. It is the highest federal court of India

  3. It does not have the Original Jurisdiction

  4. It can amend the Constitution
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The Supreme Court of India came into existence on 26 January 1950. It has not only succeeded in the Federal Court of India but also the British Privy Council. It is the highest Court of the Country and the last resort for solving the disputes. It is primarily a court of appeal but also has original jurisdiction in certain matters.

The power to amend the Constitution lies with the Parliament.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Besides its permanent seat at Delhi, the Supreme Court can also meet at ______________________.

  1. any other metropolitan city

  2. any other major city

  3. any other place as decided by the Chief Justice of India in consultation with the President

  4. any other Union Territory
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Article 130 of the Constitution of India declares Delhi as the seat of the Supreme Court but it also authorises the Chief Justice of India with the approval of the President to appoint other place or places as the seat of the Supreme court. This provision is not mandatory.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The Constitution of India has ensured independence of judiciary by:
(i) protecting salaries and service conditions of judges.
(ii) prohibiting the judges from carrying on practice in courts of law after retirement.
(iii) providing Single judiciary.
(iv) ensuring security of tenure of judges. 

  1. ii, iii, iv

  2. i, ii, iv

  3. i, ii, iii, iv

  4. i, iii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The Indian Constitution has adopted single and Integrated judiciary but has also made several provisions to ensure the independence of the judiciary. 
Fixed Service Conditions - The salaries, allowances, privileges, pension of the Judges are determined by Parliament and cannot be changed to their disadvantage except under the circumstances expressly provided in by the Constitution.
Security of Tenure - Judges are appointed by the President and they can be removed following the strict grounds. They don't hold office during the pleasure of the president.
Ban on Practice after retirement - The judges are prohibited to plead or act in any court within India after their retirement. This ensures that they don't have to favour anyone during their job for future benefit.
Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The Constitution makes provisions to ensure the independence of judges. Which one of the provisions given below is wrong in this context?

  1. Though appointed by the President their removal is a difficult process

  2. Their salaries are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India (or the State)

  3. A retired judge can be appointed to any office under the Government

  4. The conduct of a judge cannot be discussed in Parliament, except upon a motion regarding his removal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The Judiciary in India is single, integrated and independent. Article 50 of the Constitution of India provides for the separation of judiciary from the executive. To maintain the independence of the Supreme Court article constitution prohibits the retired judges to plead or act in any court or before any authority within the territory of India.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which of the following statements with respect to the judiciary in India is/are correct?
1. Unlike in the United States, India has provided for a double system of courts.
2. Under the Constitution of India, there is a single integrated system of courts for the Union as well as the states.
3. The organisation of the subordinate judiciary varies slightly from the state to state.
Select the correct answer using the code given below: 

  1. 1 only

  2. 1 and 2 only

  3. 1, 2 and 3

  4. 2 and 3 only
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Under the Constitution of India, there is a single integrated and independent judicial system. The Apex court of the Nation is the Supreme Court. There are however different courts in states. High Court is the highest court in the state judicial system. Below it is subordinate courts of civil and criminal matters.  The higher courts in the hierarchy have the power of hearing an appeal from the lower court and it can go until it reaches the Supreme Court whose decision will be final and binding. Unlike in the United States, India has NOT provided for a double system of courts.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Consider the following statements:
1. The Parliament cannot enlarge the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of India as its jurisdiction is limited to that conferred by the Constitution.
2. The officers and servants of the Supreme Court and High Courts are appointed by the concerned Chief Justice and the administrative expenses are charged on the Consolidated Fund of India.
Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

  1. 1 only

  2. 2 only

  3. Both 1 and 2

  4. Neither 1 nor 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
It is the administrative function of both the Courts, i.e. the Supreme Court and the High Court to appoint the officers and servants of the court. Article 146 deals that all the officers and servants of the Supreme Court shall be appointed by the Chief Justice of India. Further clause 3 of the Article provides that the administrative expenses shall be charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India. 
The same power for appointment of officers and servants of High Court and administrative expenses is dealt under Article 229 of the Constitution of India.
Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Under which law it is prescribed that all proceedings in the Supreme Court of India shall be in English language?

  1. The Supreme Court Rules, 1966

  2. A Legislative made by the Parliament

  3. Article 145 of the Constitution of India

  4. Article 348 of the Constitution of India
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Regarding the language used in the Supreme Court and the High Court and for the Acts and Bills the provision is given under Article 348 wherein it prescribes English language.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

Which one of the following statements is not true?

  1. Conduct of the Supreme Court Judge cannot be discussed in the Parliament

  2. Validity of any proceedings of the Parliament cannot be questioned in the court

  3. No permission is required for a member of the Parliament to address the House in his mother-tongue

  4. The business in Parliament shall be transacted in Hindi or in English
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

According to article 120 of the Indian constitution, the business of the parliament is to be transacted either in Hindi or in English. However, if any member is unable to express himself either in English or in Hindi, the speaker of the Lok Sabha or the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha can permit him to address the house in his mother tongue.

Multiple choice political science understanding laws rural administration evolution and structure of indian judiciary importance of laws

The Constitution of India has ensured independence of judiciary by
(i)  Protecting salaries and service conditions of                 judges
(ii)  Prohibiting the judges from carrying on practice       in courts of law after retirement
(iii) Providing single judiciary
(iv)ensuring security of tenure of judges 
Codes:

  1. ii, iii, iv

  2. i, iii, iv

  3. i, ii, iii, iv

  4. i, iii
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The independence of the judiciary is ensured by security of tenure, fixed service conditions, and the prohibition of practice after retirement. A single judiciary is a structural feature, not a primary method of ensuring independence.