General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice zoology molecular genetics one gene - one enzyme hypothesis component of the cell cell and cell organelles

Which organism was used by Beadle and Tatum to propose one gene-one enzyme hypothesis?

  1. E. coli

  2. Nostoc

  3. Drosophila

  4. Neurospora
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The one gene - one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single step in a metabolic pathway. The concept was proposed by George Beadle and Edward Tatum in an influential 1941 paper on genetic mutations in the mold Neurospora crassa.

Multiple choice zoology molecular genetics one gene - one enzyme hypothesis component of the cell cell and cell organelles

"One gene one enzyme" theory was proposed by

  1. G.W. Beadle and E.L. Tatum

  2. O.T. Avery and M. McCarthy

  3. J.H. Tijo and A. Levan

  4. C.E. Ford and J.H. Tijo
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The one gene - one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single step in a metabolic pathway. Beadle and Tatum proposed this concept.

Multiple choice zoology cell and cell organelles one gene - one enzyme hypothesis component of the cell molecular genetics

One-gene-one enzyme hypothesis was proposed by

  1. Beadle and Tatum

  2. Jacob and Monod

  3. Lederberg

  4. Watson and Crick
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The one gene-one enzyme hypothesis is the idea that genes act through the production of enzymes, with each gene responsible for producing a single enzyme that in turn affects a single step in a metabolic pathway. The concept was proposed by George Beadle and Edward Tatum in an influential 1941 paper.  Beadle and Tatum noted that it was "entirely tenable to suppose that these genes which are themselves a part of the system, control or regulate specific reactions in the system either by acting directly as enzymes or by determining the specificities of enzymes".

Multiple choice physics dual nature of matter and radiation davisson and germer experiment and its conclusion matter waves wave nature of matter

Who won the Nobel prize in physics in the year 1929 for the discovery of the wave nature of electrons?

  1. Erwin Schrodinger

  2. R.A Millikan

  3. Louis Victor de Brogue

  4. Albert Einstein
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
The Nobel price in physics $1929$ was awarded to prince Louis Vector "for the discovery of the wave nature of electrons, as he discovered the wave nature of electrons and suggested that all the matter have wave properties.
Multiple choice chemistry the periodic table newland's law of octaves development of the modern periodic table into the history

What were the limitations of Newlands' classification?

  1. It was applicable only for lighter elements

  2. He adjusted two elements on the same place

  3. The pattern was only observed up to calcium

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The limitations of Newlands' classification were:

  • It was only applicable for lighter elements.
  • He adjusted two elements in one place.
  • The pattern was only observed up to calcium.

Multiple choice chemistry the periodic table newland's law of octaves development of the modern periodic table into the history

Who presented the law of octave? 

  1. Dobereiner

  2. Newland

  3. Lother Meyer

  4. Mendeleev
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
According to Newland's law of octaves, when elements are arranged by increasing atomic mass, the properties of every eighth element starting from any element are a repetition of the properties of the starting element.
Option B is correct.
Multiple choice electrical cells patterns and properties of metals chemistry

The first electro-chemical was invented by:

  1. Luigi Galvani.

  2. Alessandro Volta.

  3. Deniel.

  4. Lechanche
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The first electrochemical cell was invented by Luigi Galvani in 1791. It was greatly improved by Alessandro Volta in the years of 1800.

Multiple choice law of reciprocal proportion laws of chemical combination basic concepts of chemistry some basic concepts of chemistry chemistry

Which of the following statements are correct?

  1. French chemist A. Lavoisier is called the father of chemistry and proposed the law of conservation of mass.

  2. French chemist Joseph Proust proposed the law of definite proportions.

  3. Dalton proposed the law of multiple proportions.

  4. Richter proposed the law of reciprocal proportions.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A,B,C,D Correct answer
Explanation

A) French chemist A. Lavoisier is called the father of chemistry and proposed the law of conservation of mass. (True)

B) French chemist Joseph Proust proposed the law of definite proportions. (True). The Law of Definite proportions, states that a chemical compound always contains exactly the same proportion of elements by mass.

C) Dalton proposed the law of multiple proportions. (True). John Dalton (1803) stated, "'When two elements combine with each other to form two or more compounds, the ratios of the masses of one element that combines with the fixed mass of the other are simple whole numbers.

D) Richter proposed the law of reciprocal proportions. (True). (The law of reciprocal proportions was proposed by Jeremias Richter in 1792. It states that "If two different elements combine separately with the same weight of a third element, the ratio of the masses in which they do so are either the same or a simple multiple of the mass ratio in which they combine".

Multiple choice law of reciprocal proportion laws of chemical combination basic concepts of chemistry some basic concepts of chemistry chemistry

Law of reciprocal proportion was proposed by:

  1. Antoine Lavoisier

  2. Jeremias Ritcher

  3. James Rutherford

  4. John Dalton
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Law of reciprocal proportion was proposed by J. Richter according to which If two different elements combine separately with the same weight of a third element, the ratio of the masses in which they do so are either the same or a simple multiple of the mass ratio in which they combine.

Multiple choice chemistry atoms, molecules and radicals history of atomic model atomic theory of dalton daltons atomic theory

Who was the first scientist which proposed that "Matter is made up of indivisible particles called atoms"?

  1. Lavoiser

  2. Dalton

  3. Thomson

  4. Faraday
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dalton Atomic theory postulates-

All matter is made up of atoms and atoms are indestructible cannot be created or destroyed so the total mass of reactants remains equal to the total mass of products.

Multiple choice physics bharat and science scope and progress of physics recent advancement in medical technology contribution of physics in technology and society

What was the major contribution/discoveries of  Archimedes?

  1. Principle of buoyancy; Principle of the lever

  2. Wave theory of light

  3. Laws of electromagnetic induction

  4. Generation of electromagnetic waves
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Archimedes discovered the principal of buoyancy when he was taking a both observed watts getting displaced when he got into the both tub.He also discovered the principle of the lever.(a)

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Who discovered the smallpox vaccine?

  1. Louis Pasteur

  2. Edward Jenner

  3. Alexander Fleming

  4. Anton van Leeuwenhoek
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Smallpox vaccine was introduced by Edward Jenner in 1798. He observed that milkmaids who had previously caught cowpox did not later catch smallpox by showing that inoculated cowpox protected against inoculated smallpox. Smallpox vaccine was the first successful vaccine.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology
Column I Column II
A Edward Jenner I Heredity
B Chromosomes II Budding
C Hydra III Protein biosynthesis
IV Smallpox
V Cell membrane
VI Binary fission
VII Antiboitics

Select the correct alternatives.

  1. A- VIII, B- I, C- II

  2. A- IV, B- I, C- II

  3. A-VII, B-V, C-VI

  4. A- IV, B- II, C- VI
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Edward Jenner was an English physician and scientist who was the pioneer of smallpox vaccine, the world's first vaccine. He is often called the father of immunology. Heredity refers to the transfer of biological characteristics from a parent organism to offspring. DNA in the form of large molecules known as chromosomes which is the carrier of genetic instructions for the development and functioning of living organisms. Hydras generally reproduce asexually. They do this through budding.

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Who discovered vaccination against small pox?

  1. Jenner

  2. Pasteur

  3. Lister

  4. Mayer
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Edward Jenner found that vaccination with cowpox can protect individuals from smallpox. Edward Jenner was well known for his contribution to immunization and eradication of smallpox. Jenner's work was widely regarded as the foundation of immunology and known as the father of immunology. The smallpox vaccine was the only way to prevent smallpox. The vaccine was made from a virus either weakened or attenuated, which was introduced into the blood. This helps in building antibodies against the smallpox virus in the body. Smallpox was eradicated by this vaccination program, starting in 1967. 
Thus, the correct answer is option 'Jenner'.