Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928 when he noticed that a mold called Penicillium notatum had killed bacteria in a petri dish.

Thomas Edison is credited with developing the first commercially practical incandescent light bulb in 1879. While others had experimented with light, Edison's design was the first to be widely used.

Michael Faraday is credited with the discovery of electromagnetic induction in 1831, showing that magnetic fields can create electric currents. Oersted discovered the reverse effect, where current creates a magnetic field.

Hans Christian Oersted discovered the link between electricity and magnetism in 1820 when he observed a compass needle moving near a live wire during a lecture.

Erwin Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine equals thymine and the amount of guanine equals cytosine, which provided the basis for base-pairing rules.

James Watson and Francis Crick are credited with building the first correct 3-D model of the DNA double helix in 1953.

In 1860s, the German investigator Ernst Haeckel proposed a three-kingdom system of classification. Haeckel's three kingdoms were Animalia, Plantae, and Protista. 

In the year 1866, Ernst Haeckel proposed the three kingdom classification. The three kingdoms are protista, plantae and animalia. The unicellular prokaryotic organisms were placed in the group of monera. This group includes the organisms which have chloroplast and resemble plants as well as the organisms which resemble animals. The group of protists are divided into two groups as plant-like protists and animal-like protists. 

Rontgen discovered X-rays.
Dalton proposed the postulates of Atomic Theory.
Rutherford discovered $\alpha$ and $\beta$ and also [performed the Gold-foil experiment for the discovery of the nucleus.
Laveziour attempted to give the explanatory definition of elements and stated that element is the basic unit of substance.

Regression is a technique for determining the statistical relationship between two or more variables where a change in a dependable variable is associated with and depends on a change in one or more independant variables. The term regression has been coined by Francis Galton.

The concept that 'population tends to increase geometrically while food supply increases arithmetically were put forward by Thomas Malthus. In his theory of natural selection, Charles Darwin was greatly influenced by the English clergyman Thomas Malthus. Malthus published a book in 17981798 stating that populations with unlimited natural resources grow very rapidly, after which population growth decreases as resources become depleted. This accelerating pattern of increasing population size is called exponential growth.

Jan Ingen-Housz showed that sunlight is essential for photosynthesis. He concluded that green plants purify the air in presence of sunlight. Thus, option A is the correct answer.

• The Nobel Laureate, Norman E. Borlaug at International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement in Mexico , developed semi-dwarf varieties of wheat. Example; Sonalika and Kalyan Sona which are high yielding and disease resistant.
  
• Herbert Boyer is a researcher in biotechnology and discovered the restriction enzymes. 
  
• William Harvey is the father of circulatory system. 
  
• Maer Mallon known as Typhoid Mary . She was the first carrier of the pathogen associated with typhoid fever.

Friedrich Wohler synthesized urea from ammonium cyanate in 1828, the first organic compound made from inorganic starting materials, disproving vitalism theory. Laminar is misspelled (should be Lavoisier? Neither made urea). Bergius (Beryine?) worked on hydrogenation. Haber developed ammonia synthesis.