General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

The technique of preparing vaccine from attenuated pathogen was discovered by 

  1. Edward Jenner (1796)

  2. Robert Koch (1876)

  3. Louis Pasteur (1879)

  4. Von Behring (1891)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

An attenuated vaccine is a vaccine created by reducing the virulence of a pathogen, but still keeping it viable (live). Attenuation takes an infectious agent and alters it so that it becomes harmless or less virulent. The technique of preparing vaccine from attenuated pathogen was first discovered by Louis Pasteur in 1879 against anthrax and rabies.

So, the correct answer is 'Louis Pasteur (1879)'.

Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

Which of the following established the scientific basis of vaccination?

  1. Louis Pasteur

  2. John Mendel

  3. Cesar Milstein

  4. George Kohler
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) demonstrated that microorganisms cause both fermentation and disease, which support the germ theory of disease. He developed the earliest vaccines against anthrax.
Multiple choice vaccines antibody production and vaccination immunity animal physiology biology

The process of vaccination was discovered by

  1. Edward Jenner (1796)

  2. Robert Koch (1876)

  3. Louis Pasteur (1879)

  4. Von Behring (1891)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Vaccination is the administration of antigenic material (a vaccine) to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.
  •  It is the most effective method of preventing infectious diseases, widespread immunity due to vaccination is largely responsible for the worldwide eradication of smallpox and the elimination of diseases such as polio, measles, and tetanus from much of the world.
  •  Edward Jenner discovered the process of vaccination in 1796 by introducing material from cowpox vesicle.
So, the correct answer is 'Edward Jenner (1796)'.

Multiple choice biology cell and cell organelles cell membrane and cell wall cell wall cell division in embryo development

Robert Hooke discovered the ___ of a cell

  1. cell membrane

  2. Nucleus

  3. Cell wall

  4. cytoplasm
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Cell wall was discovered by Robert Hooke, in 1665, when he saw an empty box like compartments in a very thin slice of cork under his microscope. He wrote a book Micrographia and coined the term Cellula which was later on changed into cells. Robert Hooke thought cells to be passages for conducting fluids. Actually, he had observed compartments made up of the cell wall and not true living cells.

Multiple choice respiration-the energy producing system experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

The term respiration was given by

  1. Lavosier

  2. Dutrochet

  3. Sachs

  4. Krebs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Henri Dutrochet, a French physiologist who is known for his valuable works in animal and plant physiology coined the term 'respiration'. He also discovered and named the process of osmosis (passage of solvent through a semipermeable membrane) that occurs at cellular level in both plants and animals. 

So the correct answer is 'Dutrochet'.

Multiple choice respiration-the energy producing system experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

Name the scientist who demonstrated that breath is caused by the formation of carbon dioxide in blood. 

  1. Thomas Adams

  2. J Haldane

  3. J Priestley

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In 1906, Haldane and Priestley discovered that respiratory reflex i.e. breath is caused by an excess of carbon dioxide in the blood and not by a lack of oxygen. They described the regulation of respiratory drive by carbon dioxide and its effects on blood hydrogen ion concentration The high ability of deoxygenated haemoglobin to bind with carbon dioxide was named as Haldane effect. Thus the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice respiration-the energy producing system experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

Who discovered oxygen gas?

  1. Priestley

  2. Erlich

  3. Chadwick

  4. Tansley
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Oxygen gas was discovered by the scientist Joseph Priestley in 1773. It is the most important gas responsible for the life on earth. It is produced by plants by the process of photosynthesis but consumed by the animals by the process of respiration.
So, the correct answer is 'Priestly'.
Multiple choice respiration-the energy producing system experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

Which one of the following scientists is credited with overthrowing the phlogiston theory and establishing the actual nature of chemical oxidations on combustions and their similarity to respiration in animals?

  1. Antoine Lavoisier

  2. Joseph Priestly

  3. Jean Baptiste van Helmont

  4. Joseph Dalton Hooker
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The phlogiston theory is a scientific theory which states that the fire-like element is referred to phlogiston which is released during the process of combustion and explains the process of combustion and rusting which is together called as oxidation.

Antoine Lavoisier opposed this theory of phlogiston, he is called as father of modern chemistry. He discovered oxygen and told about its properties and chemical reactions. He has given a theory of combustion in which he has mentioned the rate of respiration and the relation between combustion and respiration, where oxygen is used in both the process.
So , correct option is ' Antoine Lavoisier ' . 

Multiple choice respiration-the energy producing system experiments on photosynthesis cellular respiration introduction to respiration

Who discovered cellular respiration?

  1. Priestley

  2. Paul Erlich

  3. Thomas Adams

  4. Benda
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
Cellular respiration is a process takes place in the cells of the organism to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into ATP. It include breaking down of sugar in the presence of oxygen. This process was discovered by Thomas Adams.
So, the correct answer is 'Thomas Adams'.
Multiple choice chemistry manmade materials synthetic rubber rubber polymer

The process of vulcanization was introduced by ____

  1. Charles Goodyear

  2. Kolbe

  3. Wohler

  4. Zeigher
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Charles Goodyear invented vulcanization process in $1839$.
Vulcanisation is a process involving heating of rubber with sulphur is called vulcanisation.

Multiple choice biology flower to flower parts of flower and its functions parts of a flower basics of leaf and flower growth and development in plants

Sexual reproduction of following plants was discovered by

  1. Camerarius

  2. Nawaschin

  3. Strasburger

  4. Maheshwari
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

A.Camerarius – He first discovered sexual reproduction in plants.

B.Nawaschin – He first discovered triple fusion and double fertilization in angiosperms.

C.Strasburger – He first discovered syngamy and monosporic embryo sac in angiosperms.

D.Maheswari – He first discovered the lab to land habit in plants.

So, the correct option is ‘Camerarius’.

Multiple choice zoology evolution evidences for evolution - taxonomy, molecular biology and cytology evidences of evolution evidences of biological evolution

Life comes from pre - existing life was stated by

  1. Louis Pasteur

  2. Oparin

  3. Darwin

  4. Miller
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Louis Pasteur determined through his different experiments that life on earth has originated from different living organisms. He performed an experiment to test whether nutrient broth could spontaneously generate microbial life or not. In these experiments, he used swan-necked flasks, in which he killed all the microorganisms. But, within a short time, they got infected again with the regeneration of new microorganisms.  

So, option A "Louis Pasteur" is the correct answer.

Multiple choice botany mineral nutrition in plants hydroponics hydroculture essential and non-essential mineral elements nutrients and nutrition

First experiments in hydroponics were performed by.

  1. Sachs

  2. Knop

  3. Hoagland

  4. Hill
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hydroponics is the science of growing plants in a medium other than soil, using mixtures of the essential plant nutrient elements dissolved in water.
The first experiments was performed by Sachs in the year 1860. Later, Knop from 1861-5 performed experiments related to hydroponics. Both of them made synthetic solutions of essential plant nutrients in water. Included in these solutions were salts such as, potassium phosphate, calcium sulphate etc. giving the necessary elements N, P, S, Ca, Mg P and Fe. Mn were also included. 
Thus, the correct answer is option (A).