General Awareness · Science General

Inventors and Scientific Discoveries

4,616 Questions

This hub provides questions related to great inventors and their scientific discoveries. It covers the inventors of the telephone, radio, and microchips, alongside Nobel Prize winners. These facts are crucial for the general awareness section of major competitive exams.

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Inventors and Scientific Discoveries Questions

Multiple choice biology life processes in living organisms- part 1 amphibolic pathway living organisms and energy production respiration in plants

Mechanism of aerobic respiration was discovered by

  1. Kreb

  2. Calvin

  3. Hatch and Slack

  4. Pasteur
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Mechanism of aerobic respiration was given by Kreb. Thus it was named as Krebs cycle. Aerobic respiration is the respiration, which involves the breakdown of the substrate in the presence of oxygen (oxidation process).

Multiple choice botany plant breeding plant breeding for disease resistance and insect resistance method of plant breeding for crop improvement plant breeding for food production

Who used x-rays for the production of mutations?

  1. Muller

  2. Leeuwenhoek

  3. Virchow

  4. Hooker
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The mutagenic property of mutagens was first demonstrated in 1927, when Hermann Muller discovered that x-rays can cause genetic mutations in fruit flies, producing phenotypic mutants as well as observable changes to the chromosomes. His collaborator Edgar Altenburg also demonstrated the mutational effect of UV radiation in 1928. 

Muller went on to use x-rays to create Drosophila mutants that he used in his studies of genetics. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms reflex action innate and learned behaviour coordination in human beings- chemical control

Who among the following discovered the conditioned reflexes?

  1. Sherington

  2. Hill

  3. Pavlov

  4. Berstain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Conditioned reflex is automatic responses to certain stimuli learnt during lifetime/training. It was studied by Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov during his experiment on induction of salivation in dogs. Thus, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice biology nervous system of man reflex action innate and learned behaviour coordination in human beings- chemical control

Which biologist first noticed that the muscles of disected frog legs twitched wildly when a spark from an electric machine struck them?

  1. Georges Cuvier

  2. Franz Joseph Gall

  3. Kaspar Friedrich Wolf

  4. Luigi Galvani
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Luigi Galvani was an Italian physician who demonstrated what we now understand to be the electrical basis of nerve impulses when he made frog muscles twitch by jolting them with a spark from an electrostatic machine. So, the correct option is "D" (Luigi Galvani).

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and conservation hotspots and methods of conservation biodiversity: conservation conservation of biodiversity basis of classification in animals basis of the classification of animals criteria for animal classification

The concept of "Centres of Origin of Cultivated Plants" was put forward by

  1. Swaminathan

  2. Mendel

  3. Vavilov

  4. Borlaug
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Vavilov worked on global genetic diversity of cultivated plants throughout his life, from which he developed several major theories that have played an important role in the development of botany, genetics and plant breeding. One such theory among several is "Theory of centres of origin of cultivated plants" (1920).

Multiple choice chemistry what is inside atom discovery of neutrons structure of atoms discovery of subatomic particles

Who was awarded Nobel prize for discovery of neutron?

  1. Chadwick

  2. Dalton

  3. Rutherford

  4. Thomson
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

James Chadwick was assigned the task of tracking down evidence of Rutherford's tightly bound "proton-electron pair" or neutron. In 1932, Chadwick proposed that this particle was Rutherford's neutron. In 1935, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for his discovery.

Multiple choice chemistry what is inside atom discovery of neutrons structure of atoms discovery of subatomic particles

Whose experiment proved the existence of the nucleus?

  1. John Dalton (early 1800's)

  2. Ernest Rutherford (1911)

  3. Niels Bohr (1913)

  4. James Chadwick (1932)
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The $\alpha-$ ray scattering-gold foil experiment by Ernest Rutherford gave substantial evidence for  existence of nucleus in $1911$. Thus the existence of nucleus was proved by Rutherford's experiment.

Multiple choice chemistry what is inside atom discovery of neutrons structure of atoms discovery of subatomic particles

Neutron was discovered by:

  1. J.J. Thomson

  2. Chadwick

  3. Rutherford

  4. Priestley
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

 Neutron was discovered by Chadwick.
To overcome the failure of proton electron hypothesis, Rutherford, in 1920, proposed the existence of neutral particle made from close combination of proton and electron. He named it neutron.
In 1932, Lord Chadwick proved the existence of neutron by bombarding lighter elements (boron and beryllium) with alpha particles which resulted in the emission of highly penetrating neutral radiation.

Multiple choice evs let's plant trees green revolution in india crop revolutions green revolution

Semidwarf wheat which was instrumental in increasing wheat production was developed by

  1. Alexander von Humboldt

  2. Paul Ehrlich

  3. Dr. Kurien

  4. Edward Jenner

  5. Norman E. Borlaugh
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

Dr. Norman Borlaug, a geneticist, plant pathologist, and Nobel Peace Prize winner in Mexico, discovered a method to increase wheat yields in the mid-1940s.

Multiple choice evs let's plant trees green revolution in india crop revolutions green revolution

The Mexican dwarf wheat variety was developed by______________

  1. Swaminathan

  2. Borlaug

  3. Watson

  4. Khush
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Norman Ernest Borlaug was an American biologist who has been called as the father of the Green Revolution. 
  • He took up an agricultural research position in Mexico, where he developed semi-dwarf, high-yield, disease-resistant wheat varieties.

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice botany plant physiology mineral absorption transport of food, water and minerals mineral transport theories of translocation transport in the phloem of plants

Dendrograph was discovered by

  1. McDermott

  2. MacDougal

  3. Crammer

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Dixon explained ascent of sap in trees based on transpiration, cohesion, adhesion theory. Mac Dougal supported transpiration pull theory through experimental proof. Cohesive force and adhesive force works continuously in the cavity (lumen) of xylem. Both the forces are responsible for maintaining unbroken continuity of water column from the roots to the leaves.

Multiple choice botany plant physiology mineral absorption transport of food, water and minerals mineral transport theories of translocation transport in the phloem of plants

Mass flow hypothesis was first described by ___________.

  1. Swanson

  2. Buchman

  3. Kursanov

  4. Munch
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Mass flow or pressure flow hypothesis was put forward by Munch $(1927, 1930)$. According to this hypothesis, organic substances move from the region of higher osmotic pressure to the region of lower osmotic pressure in a mass flow due to the development of a gradient.

So, the correct answer is 'Munch'

Multiple choice botany plant physiology mineral absorption transport of food, water and minerals mineral transport theories of translocation transport in the phloem of plants

Mass flow hypothesis was put forward by

  1. Swanson

  2. Munch

  3. Curtis

  4. De Vries.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mass flow hypothesis is also known as pressure flow hypothesis it is the best-supported theory to explain the movement of sap through the phloem. It was discovered by the scientist by Ernst Munch in 1930, He was the German plant physiologist. This creates the hydrostatic pressure in the phloem of the plant.

So, the correct option is B.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry the muscular system and digestive system in human beings busy at work - our internal organs skeletal and digestive system from tasting to digestion types of ecological pyramids introduction to human digestive system

Who revealed secrets of digestion?

  1. Mendel

  2. Beaumont

  3. Newton

  4. S. Bose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
  • William Beaumont revealed the functioning of human stomach in a living person. In 1833, He published his findings in the book, 'The Experiments and Observation of the Gastric juice and Physiology of Digestion'. After 10 years from there, he listed many conclusions about the chemical nature of digestion.
  • He primarily discovered that gastric juice is responsible for the breakdown of food into simple nutrients and he also described the movement of stomach during digestion. 
  • So, the correct option is B.