Tag: the periodic table

Newland's Law of octaves stated that if elements (known at Newland's time) were arranged in increasing order of their atomic weights, every eighth element had properties similar to the first element. For example, Li and Na have similar properties.

The limitations of Newlands' classification were:

• It was only applicable for lighter elements.
  
• He adjusted two elements in one place.
  
• The pattern was only observed up to calcium.
  

Newlands' law of octaves worked well with lighter elements only. As the weight is increased, the pattern started changing and was no longer following the law.

The placement of elements in the Newlands' periodic table was compared to the notes of music where the first note and the eighth note are same. Similarly, in Newlands' periodic table, the chemical properties also repeat after $7$ elements.

In Newlands' table, chlorine, bromine and fluorine were placed in the same group in which cobalt and nickel were present.

In Newland's periodic table, $1$st element and the $8$th element have the same chemical property, i.e., they belong to the same group. So, the table will look like:
$\begin{equation}X\;1\;2\;3\;4\;5\;6 \ Y\end{equation}$
So, there are $6$ elements between X and Y.

In 1864 newlands in chemistry, the generalization made by the English chemist J.A.R. Newlands in 1865 that, if the chemical elements are arranged according to increasing atomic weight, those with similar physical and chemical properties occur after each interval of seven elements. Newlands was one of the first to detect a periodic pattern in the properties of the elements and anticipated later developments of the periodic law. Hence called law of octaves.

He observed that every eighth element had properties similar to the first element. Elements after atomic no. 40 do not fit in this rule.

The discovery of zero group of elements (inert gases) gave a death blow to the Newland's Law.
According to Newlands Law of octaves, when the elements are arranged in the increasing order of atomic weights, the properties of every eighth element are similar to the first one.