Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Difference between glomerular filtrate and plasma is of

  1. Proteins

  2. Potassium

  3. First is white whereas latter is yellow.

  4. First is yellow whereas latter is white.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Blood plasma contains red and white blood cells, blood proteins, glucose, water, nitrogenous wastes, salt. Glomerular filtrate contains glucose, salt, water, nitrogenous wastes. Blood cells and plasma proteins are not filtered through the glomerular capillaries because they are relatively larger in size.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

The renal threshold value of glucose is normally

  1. 80 mg/100 ml

  2. 160-180 mg/100 ml

  3. 100-120 mg/100 ml

  4. 80-110 mg/100 ml
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The proximal tubule can only reabsorb a limited amount of glucose. When the blood glucose level exceeds about 160-180 mg/dl or 160-180 mg/100ml, the proximal tubule becomes overwhelmed and begins to excrete glucose in the urine. this point is called the renal threshold of glucose (RTG).
So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Function of glomerulus in mammalian kidney is

  1. Reabsorption of salts

  2. Urine formation through blood filtration

  3. Urine collection

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A glomerulus is a network of capillaries responsible for the filtration of blood in the nephron the functional unit of the kidney. The glomerulus is surrounded by a single layer of epithelium called the Bowman's capsule constitute a renal corpuscle, the basic filtration unit of the kidney. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

The size of the filtration slits present in the glomerulus is

  1. 10 cm.

  2. 15 nm.

  3. 25 nm.

  4. 10 nm.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The filtration slits present in the endothelium of the glomerulus are of the size 25 nm that can allow the plasma and solutes to diffuse in but not the blood cells. So the filtrate in the Bowman's Capsule that has diffused in from the glomerulus is colourless due to an absence of RBCs.

Hence, the correct answer is '25 nm'.

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes protista protozoa five kingdoms of living organisms

Read the following statements.

  1. Contractile vacuoles eliminates excess water from the body

  2. Glomerular kidney is present in Fresh water fishes

  3. A glomerular kidney possess less no. of nephrons

  4. Chloride cells are present on the stomach wall of frog
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Contractile vacuoles are membrane-bound cellular organelle found in many microorganisms. These periodically expand and get filled with water and contract, expelling the contents to the exterior of the cell.

These are very important for maintaining the hydrostatic balance of the particular cell.
It is an important feature of Eukaryotic cell especially protozoa and it plays important role in osmoregulation.
The correct option is 'Contractile vacuoles eliminates excess water from the body'

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes protista protozoa five kingdoms of living organisms

Kidney of vertebrates resembles with contractile vacuole of protozonas in 

  1. Expelling out glucose

  2. Expelling out urea and uric acid

  3. Expelling out excess of water

  4. Expelling out salts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kidneys seem to have evolved in primitive freshwater vertebrates to help them expel the excess water that continuously entered the body by osmosis. Later, kidneys also acquired the function of removing the waste materials from body.

The kidneys in vertebrates are bean-shaped organs that remove excess organic molecules from the blood, and waste products of metabolism. In protozoans, the contractile vacuole does the function of the kidneys of vertebrates an expels the excess water from the system.

Therefore, the correct answer is option c.

Multiple choice muscle contraction locomotion and movements biology

Which of the following parts of the nephric tubule is incorrectly matched regarding osmotic concentration of filtrate in it?

  1. PCT - Isotonic

  2. Bowman's capsule - Hypotonic

  3. Ascending limp of loop of Henle - Hypotonic

  4. Descending limb of loop of Henle - Hypertonic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) reabsorbs water and solutes, keeping the filtrate isotonic to the blood plasma. The other options are correctly matched regarding their osmotic status.

Multiple choice our life and environment geography

If a substance accumulates in a body for a long time, it will be _____.

  1. Passed out through egestion

  2. Passed out through excretion

  3. Become insoluble in water

  4. Passed on to next consumer in food chain
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

If a substance accumulates in a body for a long time, it will be passed on to next consumer in food chain.

Multiple choice biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathyroid maintains the calcium level in the blood by action on which of the following organs?

  1. Bone

  2. Kidney

  3. Intestine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, largely by increasing the levels when they are too low. 
  • It does this through its actions on the kidneys, bones and intestine. 
  • Bone parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of calcium from large calcium stores in the bones into the bloodstream. Hence, Parathyroid maintains the calcium level in the blood by action on Bone, Kidney and Intestine.
    • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

All are the function of PTH except ______________________.

  1. PTH simulates bone reabsorption /dilution /demineralization

  2. PTH retards osteoclastic action
  3. PTH increases $Ca^{+2}$ abosorption from the digestive tube
  4. PTH stimulates reabsorption of $Ca^{+2}$ by the renal tubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The hormone released by the parathyroid glands is called the parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is also called parathyrin. This hormone is involved in the formation or mineralization of bones. It is released when the levels of calcium ions in the blood serum decreases.
Hence, the correct answer is 'PTH simulates bone reabsorption /dilution /demineralization'.
Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

The primary target organ of aldosterone is :

  1. the kidney

  2. the pancreas

  3. the liver

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone is type of Mineralo-corticoid hormne, it affects the kidney in low GFR (glomerulation filtration rate) condition and maintain it.

The process for the working of aldosterone on kidney is as follows-
Blood $Na^{+}$ level increase $\rightarrow$ Water in blood(increase)$\rightarrow$ Blood volume(increase) $\rightarrow$ Blood pressure(increase)

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms circulatory system and organs blood and blood vessels circulatory system blood pressure

Which of the following has least urea?

  1. Pulmonary vein

  2. Hepatic portal vein

  3. Hepatic vein

  4. Renal vein.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The renal vein carries blood away from the kidneys after it has been filtered. Since the kidneys remove urea from the blood, the renal vein contains the lowest concentration of urea compared to other major vessels.