Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice biology digestive system of human digestive glands liver pancreas

Heparin is synthesised in

  1. Kidney

  2. Salivary glands

  3. Pancreas

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Heparin is an anticoagulant formed in the liver and mast cells. It is found in blood and connective tissues. It belongs to a class of mucopolysaccharides and helps to prevent blood clots in arteries and veins. It is an anticoagulant that prevents the formation of blood clots. It is also used before surgery to reduce the risk of blood clots. It helps the blood to flow smoothly in the body by making a certain natural substance in the body work better. 

Thus, the correct answer is option D. 

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Vasopressin is related with

  1. Conservation of water

  2. Quick digestion

  3. Dilution of urine

  4. Slow heart beat
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Vasopressin/antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by posterior pituitary gland and targets nephron tubules to increase water reabsorption and thereby decreasing water content in urine while increasing that of blood. Increased water concentration in blood raises blood volume and blood pressure. It makes the urine concentrated. Thus, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

A person suffering from diabetes insipidus will pass what amount of urine per day?

  1. 1 litre
  2. $\frac{1}{2}$ litres

  3. 3 litres

  4. 1.5 litres
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

If a person drinks enough water, this condition will not have significant effects on the fluid or electrolyte balance of the body. If the person does not drink enough fluids, high urine output may cause dehydration and high levels of sodium in the blood. The primary symptoms of diabetes insipidus are excessive thirst and urination. A person can produce large amounts of urine, usually more than 3 litres up to 15 litres per day.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

Urine concentration is controlled by

  1. Oxytocin

  2. ADH

  3. MSH

  4. ACTH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is secreted by posterior pituitary gland and targets nephrons to increase water reabsorption and thereby decreasing water content in urine. Oxytocin facilitates uterine contractions to push the foetus downward which in turn stretches cervix and leads to childbirth. MSH stimulates melanin production from melanocytes. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland and targets adrenal cortex to produce its hormones. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms control of blood glucose endocrine system and hormone hormones in human reproduction testes and ovary parts of the brain kidney

ADH responsible for reabsorption of water and reduction of urine secretion is released by 

  1. Posterior pituitary gland

  2. Juxtaglomerular apparatus

  3. Anterior pituitary gland

  4. Hypothalamus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

ADH secretion is regulated by plasma osmolality. If osmolality increases it stimulates secretion of ADH which act at the collecting duct of nephron where it causes the reabsorption of only water and produces the concentrated urine.

So, the correct answer is 'Posterior pituitary gland'.

Multiple choice biology enzymes classification of enzyme enzymes classification and cofactors the origin of cells and cell division

Enzyme urease, first crystallised by Sumner was obtained from

  1. Human urine

  2. Canavalia

  3. Pancratium

  4. Thalictrum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Sumner crystallized an enzyme known as urease from human urine and reported that all enzymes are protein. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea into carbon dioxide and ammonia. John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley shared the noble prize with Sumner for their work on the enzyme.
Buchner in 1897, prepared a yeast extract and added sugar solution to it and observed the process of fermentation. 
So, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice biology excretory system of human control of blood glucose parts of the brain kidney

Nitrogenous wastes can be removed from the body by

  1. Urinary system

  2. Lymphatic system

  3. Circulatory system

  4. Respiratory system

  5. Integumentary system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The urinary system produces urine (nitrogenous water) and serves to excrete it to outside the body. Lymphatic system serves in fluid balance, fat absorption and defense. The circulatory system serves in exchange of nutrients and oxygen for waste and carbon dioxide respectively. Respiratory system serves to allow entry of oxygen from the air into blood and exit of carbon dioxide from blood to the air. The integumentary system covers the entire surface of the human body and serves as a barrier, site for waste elimination and temperature control. 

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Glisson's capsules are present in

  1. Liver

  2. Lung

  3. Kidney

  4. Stomach
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Liver is the largest gland of the body weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in an adult human. It is situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm and has two lobes. The hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords. Each lobule is covered by a thin connective tissue sheath called as the Glisson's capsule.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry digestion liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Which of these possesses good regenerating power 

  1. Brain

  2. Kidney

  3. Lung

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In mammals liver has extensive power of regeneration. If a part of liver is surgically removed the cells of the remaining part undergo repeated division until the original volume of this vital organ restored 

So the correct option is D.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Deamination occur in

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Nephron

  4. Both 1 and 2
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Deamination is the process of removal of amino acids like serine and threonine from molecules and the enzyme that catalyses the reaction is deaminases. In the human body, it takes place primarily in the liver however glutamate is also deaminated in the kidneys.

So, the correct answer is 'both 1 and 2'.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Twenty-four hours after removing the liver of a mammal the concentrations of urea & amino acids in the blood would be changed in which of the following ways?

  1. Both urea & amino acid levels would have risen

  2. There would be no change in the level of either

  3. The amino acid level would have risen while the urea level would be fallen

  4. The urea level would have risen while the amino acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Liver excretes?

  1. Urea

  2. Uric acid

  3. Bile pigments

  4. Albumin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The liver breaks down hemoglobin from old red blood cells and excretes the resulting breakdown products, known as bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), into the bile. Urea is produced in the liver but excreted primarily by the kidneys.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

The end products of fat metabolism are excreted by 

  1. Lung

  2. Skin

  3. Kidneys

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The fat in the human diet is in the form of triglycerides. To use the fat as a source of energy for the body it needs to be broken down - a process referred to as fat metabolism.  This metabolism which takes place primarily in the liver gives out cholesterol and phospholipids. These are made available to the rest of the body along with lipoproteins and the rest are excreted out through bile. Thus, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Deamination occurs in

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Nephron

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Deamination is the body process in which amino groups are removed from excess proteins. This happens most often in the liver, though it also occurs in the kidneys. This process allows the system to convert excess amino acids into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon. The process also plays a vital role in removing nitrogen waste from the body. Amino groups discarded as a result of the process are converted into ammonia, which is later expelled from the body through urination
So, the correct answer is 'Both A and B'
Multiple choice biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

Deamination occurs in

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Nephron

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

1.  Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down if there is an excess of protein intake. It is the removal of an amine group from a molecule in the presence of an enzyme called Deaminase. It takes place in the liver. This process allows the system to convert excess amino acids into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon and also plays a vital role in removing nitrogen waste from the body. Hence deamination occurs in the Liver. 

  • So the correct option is '' Liver''