Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

In Bright's disease

  1. Amount of urea in blood increases

  2. Blood is passed with urine

  3. Kidney stones are formed

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Bright's disease is a classification for nephritis, a kidney condition. Nephritis is caused by inflammation of part of the kidneys, usually either the glomeruli or the spaces in between the renal tubules. Symptoms most commonly associated with Bright's disease are intense pain on either or both sides of the lower back along with a fever and nausea. Cloudy, dark, or bloody urine containing blood plasma proteins is also a hallmark sign of kidney problems. 

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Which one of the following is the simplest excretory organ?

  1. Alveolus

  2. Flame cell

  3. Nephridium

  4. Kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A flame cell is a specialized excretory cell, found in the simplest freshwater invertebrates, including flatworms, rotifers and nemerteans. These are the simplest animals to have a dedicated excretory system. Flame cells function like a kidney, removing waste materials.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Kidney crystals are solid clusters of

  1. Calcium nitrate and uric acid

  2. Calcium phosphate and uric acid

  3. Calcium carbonate and uric acid

  4. Calcium metabisulfite and uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

A kidney stone is a solid cluster made up of tiny crystals. 

Types of kidney stones are as follows:
i) Calcium oxalate stones are approximately 85 percent of kidney stones are composed of calcium, usually forming from excess calcium in the urine (hypercalciuria). The most common type of calcium stone is chemically bound with oxalate. Calcium oxalate stones are by far the most common. 
ii) Calcium phosphate stones are linked with a specific metabolic or hormonal disorder, such as hyperparathyroidism or renal tubular acidosis. 
iii) Uric acid stones is a by product of protein metabolism. Uric acid stones are linked to eating a high-protein diet. They can occur as a result of gout, genetic factors and disorders related to chemotherapy treatment. 
iv) Cystine stones can form in people who have cystinuria, a hereditary disorder that causes the kidneys to excrete large amounts of certain amino acids. 
v) Struvite stones are related to a urinary tract infection caused by a specific form of bacteria. They can grow very large and can block the kidneys, ureters or bladder outlet.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Kidney of frog is 

  1. Pronephric

  2. Mesonephric

  3. Metanephric

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Mesonephric kidney- Develop from middle part (mesonephros) of nephrotome plate and remaining part of nephrotome is destroyed. Only Bowman's capsule is found in nephrons, while remaining part is simple tubular, e.g., most of the fishes and adult amphibians.

Multiple choice botany bacteria bacteria - introduction, shape and structure bacteria: types and structure bacteria; benefits and harmful effects non cellular organism : virus world of virus

$NH _3$ in amoeba is excreted through

  1. Food vacuole.

  2. Contractile vacuole.

  3. Plasma membrane.

  4. Both B and C.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Amoeba is a unicellular organism. The main waste material in amoeba ammonia (NH$ _3$) along with carbon dioxide (CO$ _2$). The waste material is excreted through body surface (plasmalema) by the process of diffusion. In this process, contractile vacuoles play important role.

Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice biology human health and disease drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence community health and hygiene

In alcoholics, urine is

  1. Hyperosmotic

  2. Isoosmotic

  3. Hypoosmotic

  4. Alkaline
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
In alcoholic persons, ADH (antidiuretic hormone) levels are decreased. ADH is secreted from posterior lobe of pituitary. It stimulates water reabsorption from kidneys and this results in decreased rate of urine production. Decreased secretion of ADH due to alcohol causes dehydration in body. The urine produced in body due to dehydration is hyperosmotic as its osmolarity is high due to deficiency of water.
So, the correct answer is 'Hyperosmotic'.
Multiple choice evs - i community health and hygiene disorders of nervous system drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence

Amnesia is

  1. Loss of memory

  2. Loss of filtration capacity of kidney

  3. Loss of appetite

  4. Loss of blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Pathological impairment of memory is termed as amnesia. It is caused mainly due to some accident or on the prolonged medicinal dose. Cerebrum is mainly affected due to amnesia.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs - i community health and hygiene disorders of nervous system drug, tobacco and alcohol consumption addiction and dependence

LSD addiction causes

  1. Kidney damage

  2. Increased heart rate

  3. Hallucinations

  4. Mental and emotional disturbance
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

LSD or lysergic acid diethylamide is a psychedelic drug of the ergoline family, known for its psychological effects, which include altered thinking processes, closed and open eye visuals, synaesthesia, an altered sense of time and spiritual experiences. So, it causes hallucinations.
So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Jaundice is a disease of 

  1. Kidney

  2. Liver

  3. Pancreas

  4. Duodenum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Jaundice refers to the yellow color of the skin and whites of the eyes caused by excess bilirubin in the blood. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment that is formed by the breakdown of dead red blood cells in the liver. Normally, the liver gets rid of bilirubin along with old red blood cells. Jaundice occurs when the liver does not break down bilirubin the way it is supposed to because the liver might be damaged and unable to perform this process. 

Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs science of kitchen balanced diet and malnutrition assimilation of food components and importance of food skeletal system and muscles assimilation of food and egestion busy at work - our internal organs

Excess bile pigments in urine indicate

  1. Anaemia

  2. Diabetes insipidus

  3. Jaundice

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Jaundice, also known as icterus, is a condition, which is characterised by a yellowish discolouration of the skin and the whites of the eyes. The yellow colouration is caused by an excess amount of the bile pigment known as bilirubin in the body.

Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination mechanism of hormone action coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

The cells which produces erythropoietin

  1. Juxtaglomerular cells

  2. Hepatic cells

  3. Glandular cells

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
  • Erythropoietin is produced by interstitial fibroblasts in the kidney in close association with the peritubular capillary and proximal convoluted tubulin the cell named juxtaglomerular cells. 
  •  It is also produced in perisinusoidal cells in the liver. Hence, The cells which produce erythropoietin Juxtaglomerular cells.
    • So, the correct answer is 'Juxtaglomerular cells'.
Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Excretory organs of Amphioxus are

  1. Nephrons

  2. Flame cells

  3. Nephridia

  4. Kidneys
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nephridium is an excretory organ which functions similarly to a kidney in vertebrates. These are present in paired form in the invertebrates. It is also in amphioxus. It expels wastes from the body cavity to the exterior.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology diversity in living world hemichordata phylum hemichordata chordates and hemichordates

Excretory organs of Amphioxus are 

  1. Nephridia

  2. Pronephric kidney (protonephridia)

  3. Mesonephric kidney

  4. Metanphridic kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Excretory organs of Amphioxus is the pronephros. The pronephros is the anterior end of this excretory organ, which is developed before the rest to meet the larval needs.

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs communicable diseases infectious diseases - transmission and prevention infectious diseases and how to prevent them pathogen and their mode of transmission

If a patient has to undergo dialysis, he is suffering from a severe ailment of the

  1. Respiratory systems

  2. Circulatory system

  3. Digestive system

  4. Excretory system
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Dialysis is the procedure used for cleaning the blood of a person by reparating the waste substance (urea) from it.