Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice biology the world of microbes protista protozoa five kingdoms of living organisms

Kidney of vertebrates resembles with contractile vacuole of protozonas in 

  1. Expelling out glucose

  2. Expelling out urea and uric acid

  3. Expelling out excess of water

  4. Expelling out salts
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Kidneys seem to have evolved in primitive freshwater vertebrates to help them expel the excess water that continuously entered the body by osmosis. Later, kidneys also acquired the function of removing the waste materials from body.

The kidneys in vertebrates are bean-shaped organs that remove excess organic molecules from the blood, and waste products of metabolism. In protozoans, the contractile vacuole does the function of the kidneys of vertebrates an expels the excess water from the system.

Therefore, the correct answer is option c.

Multiple choice muscle contraction locomotion and movements biology

Which of the following parts of the nephric tubule is incorrectly matched regarding osmotic concentration of filtrate in it?

  1. PCT - Isotonic

  2. Bowman's capsule - Hypotonic

  3. Ascending limp of loop of Henle - Hypotonic

  4. Descending limb of loop of Henle - Hypertonic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The PCT (Proximal Convoluted Tubule) reabsorbs water and solutes, keeping the filtrate isotonic to the blood plasma. The other options are correctly matched regarding their osmotic status.

Multiple choice biology plants and animal hormones parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

Parathyroid maintains the calcium level in the blood by action on which of the following organs?

  1. Bone

  2. Kidney

  3. Intestine

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
  • Parathyroid hormone regulates calcium levels in the blood, largely by increasing the levels when they are too low. 
  • It does this through its actions on the kidneys, bones and intestine. 
  • Bone parathyroid hormone stimulates the release of calcium from large calcium stores in the bones into the bloodstream. Hence, Parathyroid maintains the calcium level in the blood by action on Bone, Kidney and Intestine.
    • So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.
Multiple choice zoology endocrine system and chemical co-ordination parathyroid gland thyroid and parathyroid gland thyroid, parathyroid and thymus gland

All are the function of PTH except ______________________.

  1. PTH simulates bone reabsorption /dilution /demineralization

  2. PTH retards osteoclastic action
  3. PTH increases $Ca^{+2}$ abosorption from the digestive tube
  4. PTH stimulates reabsorption of $Ca^{+2}$ by the renal tubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The hormone released by the parathyroid glands is called the parathyroid hormone (PTH). It is also called parathyrin. This hormone is involved in the formation or mineralization of bones. It is released when the levels of calcium ions in the blood serum decreases.
Hence, the correct answer is 'PTH simulates bone reabsorption /dilution /demineralization'.
Multiple choice biology body movement gait of animals basics of joints joints and type of joints

Some osmoregulator like lobed fin fishes (Shark,rays,coelocanth)store organic compound within the body in order to increases $O.P$ of body fluid. These stored organ compound are-

  1. $TMO$ and uric acid
  2. $T.M.O$ and urea

  3. Urea and Hippuric acid

  4. Allentoin and urea.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Elasmobranch fishes like sharks, rays, and coelacanths retain high levels of urea and trimethylamine oxide (TMO or TMAO) in their body fluids to maintain osmotic equilibrium with the marine environment and protect their tissues from the toxic effects of high urea.

Multiple choice biology control and coordination in living organisms enzymes and hormones hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control

The primary target organ of aldosterone is :

  1. the kidney

  2. the pancreas

  3. the liver

  4. all of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Aldosterone is type of Mineralo-corticoid hormne, it affects the kidney in low GFR (glomerulation filtration rate) condition and maintain it.

The process for the working of aldosterone on kidney is as follows-
Blood $Na^{+}$ level increase $\rightarrow$ Water in blood(increase)$\rightarrow$ Blood volume(increase) $\rightarrow$ Blood pressure(increase)

Multiple choice audible, infra and ultra sound with its application study of sound physics

Three different vibrating objects produce three types of sounds X, Y, and Z. Sounds X and Y cannot be heard by a man having normal a range of hearing but sound Z can be heard easily.  

The sound X is used in a hospital to break kidney stones of a patient into fine grains which then get flushed out with Urine. The sound similar to that which is produced during an earthquake before the main shock wave is generated. What is the frequency range of sounds like Z?

  1. 20 - 20,000 Hz

  2. 20,000-50000Hz

  3. 2-10Hz

  4. all
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Ultrasound is used for removing kidney stones.when ultrasound are targeted on such stone,the stones start vubrating at high frequency.the stone due to this vibratory motion. Breakdown into fine particles.ultrasounds and infrasounds are not audible to man.ultrasound have frequency more than 20kHz.



Infrasound have frequency below 20Hz, X is ultrasound. Y is infrasound, Z is audible sound.


Audible sound has frequency between 20Hz -20,000Hz. 

Multiple choice evs transportation in living organisms circulatory system and organs blood and blood vessels circulatory system blood pressure

Which of the following has least urea?

  1. Pulmonary vein

  2. Hepatic portal vein

  3. Hepatic vein

  4. Renal vein.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The renal vein carries blood away from the kidneys after it has been filtered. Since the kidneys remove urea from the blood, the renal vein contains the lowest concentration of urea compared to other major vessels.

Multiple choice biology diversity in living world characteristics of vertebrates classification of vertebrata classifications of chordata

Kidney of fish is of type ......................

  1. Pronephros

  2. Opisthonephros

  3. Metanephros

  4. Nephridia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Cyclostomes are the organisms which belong to the group of chordates. These are the jawless fishes. The group also includes the lampreys and hagfishes. They have rounded mouths that lack jaws. The water keeps on cycling through the open mouth which cannot be closed due to lack of jaws. 

The opisthonephros is the kidney present in adults of these organisms. It is formed from the extended mesonephros along with the tubules from the posterior nephric ridge. 
Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs - i busy at work - our internal organs human lymphatic system lymph and its function lymph and tissue fluid

Hyperbilirubinemia is

  1. Increased bilirubin in blood

  2. Increased bilirubin in urine

  3. Reduced concentration of blood bilirubin

  4. Reduced bilirubin in urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hyperbilirubinemia is excessive bilirubin in blood. It is also called jaundice. It leads to deposition of bilirubin in mucous membrane, sclera and skin so that the patient looks yellow or icterus. Urine is yellow. It is caused by obstruction in bile duct, excessive hemolysis, or viral infection.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Kidney of adult reptile is 

  1. Metanephric

  2. Mesonephric

  3. Pronephric

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

On the basis of development, there three types of kidneys as pronephric kidney, mesonephric kidney and the metanephric kidney.

A. The metanephric kidney is present in the reptiles, birds, and mammals. In these types, the glomeruli are well developed.
B. The mesonephric kidney is present in adult fishes and amphibians. They have internal glomeruli enclosed in capsules forming Malpighian bodies.
C. The pronephric kidney occurs in jawless fishes and represents the earliest stage.
Hence, the correct answer is 'Metanephric'

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

The most advanced kidneys in which loop of Henle is present are called metanephric kidneys,these are in all;except one

  1. Amphibians

  2. Reptiles

  3. Birds

  4. Mammals
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

  • Amphibians have mesonephric type of kidneys which are primitive compared to metanephric kidneys. 
  • Mesonephric kidneys do not have nephrons but their nephrons do not contain a loop of Henle.
So, the correct option is 'Amphibians'.

Multiple choice evs more about organ system introduction to excretory system structures and functions related to the excretory system introduction to excretion

Frog's kidneys for communication with the coelom has

  1. Nephridiopores

  2. Septal nephridia

  3. Nephrostomes

  4. Renal pores
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The original nephrostomes remain in the adult frog on the ventral face of the kidney as ciliated peritoneal funnels. These convey coelomic fluids directly into the blood sinuses of the kidney. They are regarded as accessory excretory structures.