Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The composition of urine is

  1. 25% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste

  2. 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste

  3. 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 12.5% other waste

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An adult human on an average excretes 1 to 1.5 liters of urine per day. It is light yellow in color, slightly acidic with a characteristic odor. The composition of urine is 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste. As urea is the major excretory waste humans are considered ureotelic.
So, the correct answer is '95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The conduction of urine from kidney to the urinary bladder takes place by

  1. Ureter

  2. Urethra

  3. Ovary

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Urine is formed in the kidney. From the kidneys, two tubes called ureter one from each kidney descend to the urinary bladder which conducts urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder receives and stores urine. Later, on stimulus urine is excreted to outside through urethra.

So, the correct answer is 'Ureter'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder is known as

  1. Ureter

  2. Kidney

  3. Urethra

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder are known as the ureter. Urine is formed in the kidney. From the kidney, urine is propelled into the urinary bladder through the tubes called ureters which are made of smooth muscle fibres.
So, the correct answer is 'Ureter'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Which of the following is not an excretory organ?

  1. Spleen

  2. Kidney

  3. Liver

  4. Lungs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Although kidney is the main organs of excretion, several other organs also excrete wastes. They include the liver, skin, and lungs.  Excretory system of a human consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

So the correct answer is spleen. 

Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
The mammalian excretory system involves all of the following except

  1. reabsorption of high molecular weight proteins from the glomerular filtrate

  2. active transport of chloride ions from the filtrate into the peritubular tissues

  3. release of nitrogenous wastes into the intestines

  4. hormonal control of permeability of walls in various excretory tubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The excretory system in the mammals deals with the absorption on the basis of the permeability of the system , among all the options given the option other than the function of the excretory system is releasing nitrogenous wastes.

Hence the correct answer is C .

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Kidneys, skin and lungs are

  1. Excretory organs

  2. Digestive organs

  3. Reproductive organs

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The lungs, kidneys, and skin are excretory organs. Excess carbon dioxide is removed from the body through the lungs. Excess urea, water, and salts are removed by the kidneys and leave the body as urine. Excess water and salts also leave the body through the skin through sweat.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which one is an accessory excretory organ?

  1. Liver

  2. Stomach

  3. Intestine

  4. Heart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
An organ that helps in a process but is not part of the tract related to that biological process is called as accessory organ.
For instance, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are not part of the digestive tract, but they have a role in digestive activities. The accessory digestive organs are the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Hence, the answer is 'Liver'
Multiple choice biology waste products reduce, recycle, reuse importance of the conservation of natural resources recycling

Identify the inorganic impurity

  1. Urine

  2. Human faeces

  3. Phospahates

  4. Pesticides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Urine, Human feces and pesticides consist or compounds made up of carbon and other organic constituents and accumulate as organic waste. While phosphates are the compounds considered as inorganic and they are the inorganic impurity in nature. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphates'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Malpighian body is found

  1. In kidney of vertebrates and is involved in the formation of urine

  2. In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

  3. In insects and involved in excretion

  4. In invertebrates and involved with filtration of blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Malpighian body is also called kidney corpuscle. Malpighian body is the structure at the beginning of a vertebrate nephron, consisting of a glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule. It mainly involved in filteration of blood. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Nitrogenous waste in the Malpighian tubule flows into

  1. Haemocoel

  2. Vacuole

  3. Intestine

  4. Duodenum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Malpighian tubules are excretory organs of insects like cockroach, grasshopper etc. These are blind ending excretory tubes which open into the alimentary canal near the junction of the midgut and hind gut. These tubules remove nitrogenous wastes from the haemolymph and also function in osmoregulation.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

The number of uriniferous tubules in each kidney of man is

  1. About 10,000

  2. About 5,000

  3. Cannot be calculated
  4. About 1.0 x 10$^6$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The excretory organ present in humans is called a kidney. The nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney. Nephrons are also called as uriniferous tubules. The body of the uriniferous tubule is composed of Renal corpuscle, Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT) Henle's loop and Distal convoluted tubule(DCT) and collecting duct. The number of uriniferous tubules in each kidney of man is about 1.0 x 1000000.
So, the correct answer is 'Option D'.
Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus ), a sensitive region, which regulates the glomerular filtration rate is present near the 

  1. DCT and PCT

  2. DCT and efferent arteriole

  3. DCT and afferent arteriole

  4. Loop of Henle's and DTC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) Henle's loop is present between DCT and PCT.

B) JGA is present between DCT and the afferent arteriole.
C) JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modification in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact.
D) JGA is present between DCT and the afferent arteriole.
So the correct answer is 'DCT and afferent arteriole'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by ____ and ___

  1. Bowman's capsule, Glomerulus

  2. PCT, Glomerulus

  3. DCT, Bowman's capsule

  4. DCT, Glomerulus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the afferent arteriole (which supplies the glomerulus).

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Which of the following is not a part of the structure pf uriniferous tubule?

  1. Collecting duct

  2. Loop of Henle

  3. Convoluted tubule

  4. Bowman's capsule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The uriniferous tubule consists of the nephron and the collecting duct. However, in some textbook definitions, the collecting duct is considered a separate structure from the nephron itself, making it the correct answer for 'not a part of the nephron'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Which is true about the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

  1. Majority of nephrons ae juxtamedullary

  2. Glomeruli and loops of Henle and cortical nephrons lie completely in cortex

  3. The afferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephrons give rise to most of vasa recta

  4. Cortical nephrons lack vasa recta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer