Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Certain carbonates and phosphates are removed by

  1. Skin

  2. Liver

  3. Kidneys

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The kidneys play a primary role in filtering the blood and excreting metabolic wastes, excess ions, and certain mineral salts such as carbonates and phosphates. While other organs like the skin and liver also have excretory functions, the kidneys are principally responsible for regulating and excreting these specific mineral ions.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The main excretory organs in man are

  1. Kidneys

  2. Nephridia

  3. Trachea

  4. Lungs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Kidney is the main excretory organ in man. It helps in filtration of blood and maintains osmoregulation. Accessory organs of excretion are liver, lungs and skin. Lungs helps in excretion of carbon dioxide. Skin helps in secretion of oil, water and salts by sweat and sebaceous gland. Liver helps in excretion of bile. It also helps in formation of urea which is a major excretory product. So, the correct answer is option"kidneys."

Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The correct sequence of urine movement is

  1. Bladder --> Kidney --> Ureter -->Urethra

  2. Bladder -->Urethra -->Kidney -->Ureter

  3. Kidney -->Bladder -->Ureter --> Urethra

  4. Kidney -->Ureter -->Bladder -->Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Urine is formed in the kidney. The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder are known as the ureter. From the kidney, urine is propelled into the urinary bladder through ureters which are made of smooth muscle fibres. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and can be controlled. The urethra is a long tube which connects urinary bladder to the urinary meatus for removal of urine from the body. In males, urethra travels through the penis and meet the urethral meatus located at the tip of the penis. In females, urethra connects to the urethral meatus above the vagina. The urethra is also known as the urinary opening. So the correct sequence of urine movement is Kidney -->Ureter -->Bladder--> Urethra.
So, the correct answer is 'Kidney -->Ureter -->Bladder -->Urethra'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Urine is excreted out of the body through

  1. Pelvis

  2. Ureter

  3. Urinary bladder

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

a) Pelvis is the lower region of abdomen which houses various organs. 

b) Ureter carries urine from kidneys to urinary bladder hence, it does not excrete urine out of the body. 
c) Urinary bladder only stores the urine. 
d) Urethra carries urine from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. 
So, the correct answer is 'Urethra'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Urinary bladder opens to the outside through

  1. Nephron

  2. Glomerulus

  3. Ureter

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

a) Nephrons are structures located in the kidney which help in filteration of blood to form urine. 

b) Glomerulus are a part of nephrons and are located in kidneys. 
c) Ureters carry urine from kidneys to urinary bladder. 
d) Urethra carries urine from urinary bladder to the outside.
So, the correct answer is option 'Urethra'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The composition of urine is

  1. 25% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste

  2. 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste

  3. 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 12.5% other waste

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
An adult human on an average excretes 1 to 1.5 liters of urine per day. It is light yellow in color, slightly acidic with a characteristic odor. The composition of urine is 95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste. As urea is the major excretory waste humans are considered ureotelic.
So, the correct answer is '95% water, 2.5 % urea and 2.5% other waste'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The conduction of urine from kidney to the urinary bladder takes place by

  1. Ureter

  2. Urethra

  3. Ovary

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Urine is formed in the kidney. From the kidneys, two tubes called ureter one from each kidney descend to the urinary bladder which conducts urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder. Urinary bladder receives and stores urine. Later, on stimulus urine is excreted to outside through urethra.

So, the correct answer is 'Ureter'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder is known as

  1. Ureter

  2. Kidney

  3. Urethra

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The tubes which connect the kidney and urinary bladder are known as the ureter. Urine is formed in the kidney. From the kidney, urine is propelled into the urinary bladder through the tubes called ureters which are made of smooth muscle fibres.
So, the correct answer is 'Ureter'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Which of the following is not an excretory organ?

  1. Spleen

  2. Kidney

  3. Liver

  4. Lungs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Although kidney is the main organs of excretion, several other organs also excrete wastes. They include the liver, skin, and lungs.  Excretory system of a human consists of kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.

So the correct answer is spleen. 

Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
The mammalian excretory system involves all of the following except

  1. reabsorption of high molecular weight proteins from the glomerular filtrate

  2. active transport of chloride ions from the filtrate into the peritubular tissues

  3. release of nitrogenous wastes into the intestines

  4. hormonal control of permeability of walls in various excretory tubules
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The excretory system in the mammals deals with the absorption on the basis of the permeability of the system , among all the options given the option other than the function of the excretory system is releasing nitrogenous wastes.

Hence the correct answer is C .

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Kidneys, skin and lungs are

  1. Excretory organs

  2. Digestive organs

  3. Reproductive organs

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The lungs, kidneys, and skin are excretory organs. Excess carbon dioxide is removed from the body through the lungs. Excess urea, water, and salts are removed by the kidneys and leave the body as urine. Excess water and salts also leave the body through the skin through sweat.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which one is an accessory excretory organ?

  1. Liver

  2. Stomach

  3. Intestine

  4. Heart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
An organ that helps in a process but is not part of the tract related to that biological process is called as accessory organ.
For instance, salivary glands, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are not part of the digestive tract, but they have a role in digestive activities. The accessory digestive organs are the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder.
Hence, the answer is 'Liver'
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The urinary bladder is muscular and is under ............ control.

  1. Muscular

  2. Mechanical

  3. Nervous

  4. Hormonal
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The urinary bladder is made up of several detrusor muscles which mainly expands and contracts by the signals received by the autonomic nervous system. Parasympathetic nerves from the S2, S3 and S4 levels of spinal cord cause the upper part of the bladder to contract and bladder neck to relax, assisting in the process of micturition (urination). Sympathetic nerves from the $T _{11}$-$L _2$ levels of spinal cord do the opposite, causing the upper section of the bladder to relax and the bladder neck to contract, ensuring urine storage.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The wall of urinary bladder has a thick layer of smooth muscle called

  1. Dartos

  2. Detrusor

  3. Deltoid

  4. Depressor
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

a) Dartos muscle is a muscle present in the scrotal sac. 

b) Deltoid muscle is a muscle of the upper arm. 
c) Depressor muscle is a facial muscle. 
d) Detrusor smooth muscle present in the wall of the urinary bladder is detrusor muscle. It helps in contraction of the urinary bladder during micturition.
So, the correct answer is 'Detrusor'.