Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice biology waste products reduce, recycle, reuse importance of the conservation of natural resources recycling

Identify the inorganic impurity

  1. Urine

  2. Human faeces

  3. Phospahates

  4. Pesticides
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Urine, Human feces and pesticides consist or compounds made up of carbon and other organic constituents and accumulate as organic waste. While phosphates are the compounds considered as inorganic and they are the inorganic impurity in nature. 

Thus, the correct answer is 'Phosphates'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Malpighian body is found

  1. In kidney of vertebrates and is involved in the formation of urine

  2. In vertebrates and involved with filtration of blood

  3. In insects and involved in excretion

  4. In invertebrates and involved with filtration of blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Malpighian body is also called kidney corpuscle. Malpighian body is the structure at the beginning of a vertebrate nephron, consisting of a glomerulus and its surrounding Bowman's capsule. It mainly involved in filteration of blood. Thus, option B is correct.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Nitrogenous waste in the Malpighian tubule flows into

  1. Haemocoel

  2. Vacuole

  3. Intestine

  4. Duodenum
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Malpighian tubules are excretory organs of insects like cockroach, grasshopper etc. These are blind ending excretory tubes which open into the alimentary canal near the junction of the midgut and hind gut. These tubules remove nitrogenous wastes from the haemolymph and also function in osmoregulation.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

The number of uriniferous tubules in each kidney of man is

  1. About 10,000

  2. About 5,000

  3. Cannot be calculated
  4. About 1.0 x 10$^6$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
The excretory organ present in humans is called a kidney. The nephrons are the structural and functional units of the kidney. Nephrons are also called as uriniferous tubules. The body of the uriniferous tubule is composed of Renal corpuscle, Proximal convoluted tubule(PCT) Henle's loop and Distal convoluted tubule(DCT) and collecting duct. The number of uriniferous tubules in each kidney of man is about 1.0 x 1000000.
So, the correct answer is 'Option D'.
Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Malpighian body is present in

  1. Skin

  2. Kidney

  3. Testes

  4. Ovaries
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Nephrons are the cells of kidney which are composed of a renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.  The renal corpuscle is also known Malpighian body. It consists of cup like double walled structure known as Bowman’s capsule and the bunch of capillaries present in the Bowman’s capsule is known as glomerulus. It helps in filtration of blood at high pressure. So, the correct answer is 'Kidney'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

JGA (Juxta Glomerular Apparatus ), a sensitive region, which regulates the glomerular filtration rate is present near the 

  1. DCT and PCT

  2. DCT and efferent arteriole

  3. DCT and afferent arteriole

  4. Loop of Henle's and DTC
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

A) Henle's loop is present between DCT and PCT.

B) JGA is present between DCT and the afferent arteriole.
C) JGA is a special sensitive region formed by cellular modification in the distal convoluted tubule and the afferent arteriole at the location of their contact.
D) JGA is present between DCT and the afferent arteriole.
So the correct answer is 'DCT and afferent arteriole'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Which part of Juxta medullary nephron is found in cortical region

  1. Malpigian body

  2. Proximal convulated tubule

  3. Distal convulated tubule

  4. Loop of henle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The Juxta medullary nephron is one in which the renal corpuscle (Malphigian corpuscle having the Malphigian body) is located in the cortex but near to the medulla and the other regions, such as the proximal convulated tubule, the loop of Henle, and the distal convulated tubule are located deeper in the medulla. The only region present in the cortex is malphigian body. So, the correct answer is A.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Juxtaglomerular apparatus is formed by ____ and ___

  1. Bowman's capsule, Glomerulus

  2. PCT, Glomerulus

  3. DCT, Bowman's capsule

  4. DCT, Glomerulus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The juxtaglomerular apparatus is a specialized structure formed by the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) and the afferent arteriole (which supplies the glomerulus).

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Which of the following is not a part of the structure pf uriniferous tubule?

  1. Collecting duct

  2. Loop of Henle

  3. Convoluted tubule

  4. Bowman's capsule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The uriniferous tubule consists of the nephron and the collecting duct. However, in some textbook definitions, the collecting duct is considered a separate structure from the nephron itself, making it the correct answer for 'not a part of the nephron'.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Which is true about the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?

  1. Majority of nephrons ae juxtamedullary

  2. Glomeruli and loops of Henle and cortical nephrons lie completely in cortex

  3. The afferent arterioles of the juxtamedullary nephrons give rise to most of vasa recta

  4. Cortical nephrons lack vasa recta
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

The maintenance of concentration gradient in the medullary interstitium is mainly done by?

  1. Glucose and $Na^+$

  2. NaCl and Urea

  3. Amino acids and creatinine
  4. $Na^+$ and $Ca^{2+}$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The medullary osmotic gradient in the kidney is established and maintained primarily by the countercurrent mechanism involving NaCl and urea. These solutes accumulate in the renal interstitium to allow for the concentration of urine.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Podocytes are the cells, present in?

  1. Cortex of nephron

  2. Inner wall of Bowman's capsule

  3. Outer wall of Bowman's capsule

  4. Wall of glomerular capillaries
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Podocytes are a type of cells in the Bowman's capsule of the nephrons in the kidneys that wrap around the capillaries of the glomerulus. The long processes or foot projections of the podocytes wrap around the capillaries and leave slits between them. Blood is filtered through these slits, each known as a slit diaphragm or filtration slit.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Large amount of fluid is reduced to relatively concentrated  small volume of urine in 

  1. Ureter

  2. Urinary bladder

  3. Renal tubule

  4. Bowman's capsule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

As blood enters your kidneys, it is filtered by glomerulus. The ultrafiltrate produced by the glomerulus initially contains small molecules like water, glucose, amino acids, bicarbonate, urea, and creatinine as well as ions such as potassium, sodium, chloride, calcium, and phosphate. All of this filtrate is channeled from the Bowman's space inside of the Bowman's capsule into the long series of ducts in the nephron, which are collectively called the renal tubule. During this journey, many things will be added and subtracted to and from the ultrafiltrate by the cells lining these ducts in order to finally form the urine.  After this the tubular fluid leaves the renal tubules and passes to the collecting duct system, which connects the nephron to the ureter. Urine then enters the urinary bladder ( which collects waste excreted by the kidneys prior to disposal by urination) via the ureters and exits via the urethra.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Which one of the four parts mentioned below does not constitute a part of a single uriniferous tubule?

  1. Bowman's capsule

  2. Distal convoluted tubule

  3. Loop of Henle

  4. Collecting duct
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

"Uriniferous tubule" or "nephron" are the structural and functional unit of kidney. It is present in the outer firm region of kidney, the renal cortex. It consist of renal corpuscle and a long renal tubule. 

Renal corpuscle comprises of glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. Renal tubule comprises of proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle and distal convoluted tubule.
Whereas collecting duct is present in the inner region of the kidney, the renal medulla. It carries the urine from the nephron in the cortex to the pelvis in the kidney. It is not part of one nephron but it is formed with the distal of many nephrons.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human structure of nephron excretory system nephron

Uriniferous tubules of a kidney are concerned with formation of

  1. Glucose

  2. Amino acids

  3. Hormones

  4. Urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The functional unit of the kidney is the uriniferous tubule, a highly convoluted structure that modifies the fluid passing through it to form to form urine as its final output. This tubule consists of two parts, the nephron and the collecting tubule.