Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

Protein rich diet brings about relatively no change in which one of the following constituents of urine?

  1. Creatinine

  2. Ammonium salt

  3. Urea

  4. Uric acid
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Urine which is a waste product of the human system is 95% water. Remaining 5% contains urea, uric acid, creatinine, sodium chloride, hormones, carbohydrates, fatty acids, enzymes, mucins and pigments. While diets play a role in the excretory systems, the protein rich diet does not bring in any changes in the uric acid levels in urine.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

What is not a correct fact about the micturition?

  1. 1-2 litres production/day
  2. On standing urine gives pungant odour because it converts to ${ H } _{ 2 }S$ by bacteria.

  3. Normal pH of urine is 6.0

  4. Uric acid forms 0.3% of a normal urine sample
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The normal range for 24-hour urine volume is 800 to 2,000 milliliters per day (with a normal fluid intake of about 2 liters per day). Micturition or urination is the process of expelling urine from the bladder. This act is also known as voiding of the bladder. The excretory system in humans includes a pair of kidneys, two ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. So the correct option is '1-2 liters production /day'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
Waste products of adenine and guanine metabolism are excreted by man as

  1. urea

  2. uric acid

  3. ammonia

  4. proteins
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The purines metabolism occur by the action of the enzymes released by the liver and intestine which help in the formation of xanthine which finally converts into uric acid as the end product.

Hence the correct answer is B.

Multiple choice zoology excretion and osmoregulation micturition urine and urine formation urine formation

Micturition is

  1. Removal of urea from blood

  2. Removal of uric acid

  3. Passing out urine

  4. Removal of faecal matter
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Urination is the release of urine from the urinary bladder through the urethra to outside of the body. It is also known medically as micturition. Micturition occurs when the bladder neck and the external urinary sphincter relax and the bladder contracts, allowing for the unobstructed expulsion of urine.

Multiple choice social studies cooperatives and consumer empowerment understanding advertising media and advertisement advertisements

Which of the following is not provided by right to seek red renal?

  1. Replacement of the product

  2. Compensation

  3. Removal of defect in the product

  4. removal of understated product
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Right to seek redrenal provides a number of relief to the customers including replacement of the product, compensation paid for any loss or injury suffered by the consumer. 

Multiple choice biology animal physiology kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Antidiuretic hormone is put into the blood by the

  1. Hypothalamus

  2. Pituitary gland

  3. Liver

  4. Small intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is a hormone that is produced in a part of the brain called as the hypothalamus. It is then stored and released from the pituitary gland, a small gland at the base of the brain. ADH acts on the kidneys to control the amount of water excreted in the urine

So, the correct answer is 'Pituitary gland'

Multiple choice biology animal physiology kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Uraemia is an excretory disorder in which

  1. The tubules of kidney reabsorb urea in large amount

  2. Concentration of urea goes high in the blood because the tubules are not able to remove it from the blood

  3. Urea is produced in excess in the body

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Urea is very soluble and a small molecule, so it is relatively easily passed out by the kidneys as a solution in water. Uraemia is an excretory disorder in which there is increased level of urea in the blood. It is caused due to the renal failure. In uremia, the tubular absorption of urea in collecting duct is inhibited. Progressive weakness and easy fatigue, loss of appetite due to nausea and vomiting, muscle atrophy, are some common symptoms of ureamia. 

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following are excretory products in animals?

  1. Urea

  2. Uric acid

  3. Ammonia

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In animals, the main excretory products are, Ammonia- protozoans, crustaceans, platyhelminths, cnidarians, poriferans, echinoderms, fishes, larvae/tadpoles of amphibians are ammonotelic. Urea -cartilaginous fish, few bony fishes, adult amphibians and mammals including humans are uricotelic, Uric acid-terrestrial arthropods (including insects), lizards, snakes, and birds are uricotelic.

So, the correct answer is 'All the above'

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The process of filtering the blood by artificial kidney is known as

  1. Dialysis

  2. Excretion

  3. Secretion

  4. Assimilation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as dialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy.
So, the correct answer is 'Dialysis'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The major excretory product in humans is 

  1. Urea

  2. Ammonia

  3. Uric acid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The major excretory product in humans is urea. The first step in the conversion of amino acids from protein into metabolic waste in the liver is the removal of the alpha-amino nitrogen, which results in ammonia. Because ammonia is toxic, it is converted into urea by humans. The urea is excreted in urine by the kidneys.
So, the correct answer is 'Urea'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The excretory product in fishes are 

  1. Ammonia

  2. Uric acid

  3. Urea

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The excretory product in fishes is ammonia. Usually, food for fish is rich in proteins. And the end product of protein catabolism is ammonia. So fishes excrete ammonia. As the fishes excrete ammonia as excretory waste they are called ammonotelic.
So, the correct answer is 'Ammonia'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following is not an accessory excretory organ of vertebrates?

  1. Skin

  2. Lungs

  3. Liver

  4. Heart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The heart is a pumping organ. It helps in circulation of deoxygenated blood all through the body. These helps in the oxygenation of blood. It is mainly located in the thoracic region. The waste materials present in the blood is filtered by the kidney.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following statements is wrong about the human excretory system?

  1. Excretory system consists of one pair of bean shaped kidneys, one pair of ureter, a urinary bladder and a urethra

  2. Kidneys are situated between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumber vertebrae close to the dorsal wall in abdominal cavity

  3. Right kidney is a little higher level than the left one

  4. All
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer