Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The process of filtering the blood by artificial kidney is known as

  1. Dialysis

  2. Excretion

  3. Secretion

  4. Assimilation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as dialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy.
So, the correct answer is 'Dialysis'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The major excretory product in humans is 

  1. Urea

  2. Ammonia

  3. Uric acid

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The major excretory product in humans is urea. The first step in the conversion of amino acids from protein into metabolic waste in the liver is the removal of the alpha-amino nitrogen, which results in ammonia. Because ammonia is toxic, it is converted into urea by humans. The urea is excreted in urine by the kidneys.
So, the correct answer is 'Urea'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The excretory product in fishes are 

  1. Ammonia

  2. Uric acid

  3. Urea

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The excretory product in fishes is ammonia. Usually, food for fish is rich in proteins. And the end product of protein catabolism is ammonia. So fishes excrete ammonia. As the fishes excrete ammonia as excretory waste they are called ammonotelic.
So, the correct answer is 'Ammonia'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following is not an accessory excretory organ of vertebrates?

  1. Skin

  2. Lungs

  3. Liver

  4. Heart
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The heart is a pumping organ. It helps in circulation of deoxygenated blood all through the body. These helps in the oxygenation of blood. It is mainly located in the thoracic region. The waste materials present in the blood is filtered by the kidney.

So, the correct answer is option D.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following statements is wrong about the human excretory system?

  1. Excretory system consists of one pair of bean shaped kidneys, one pair of ureter, a urinary bladder and a urethra

  2. Kidneys are situated between the 12th thoracic and 3rd lumber vertebrae close to the dorsal wall in abdominal cavity

  3. Right kidney is a little higher level than the left one

  4. All
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Multiple choice evs - i excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

The kidneys have built in mechanism for the regulation of glomerular filtration rate. One such efficient mechanism is carried out by juxtaglomerular apparatus(JGA). JGA is a specific sensitive region formed by
A. Afferent arteriole before it divides to form glomerulus
B. Cellular modifications in distal convoluted tubule where it is in contact with afferent arteriole
C. Macula densa cells
D. Glomerulus.

  1. A only

  2. A & B

  3. A, B & C

  4. A, B, C & D
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) is a specialized region formed by cellular modifications in the distal convoluted tubule (DCT) where it contacts the afferent arteriole, specifically involving macula densa cells, along with juxtaglomerular cells in the afferent arteriole. Therefore, statements A, B, and C all correctly describe components or locations associated with the formation of the JGA.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Urine is stored in

  1. Kidney

  2. Urinary bladder

  3. Ureter

  4. Urethra
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Urine is made in kidney from the kidney the ureter transports urine into the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder is a muscular sac. When it is empty, it is about the size and shape of a pear. The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and can be controlled. Urge for urination starts as bladder comes to have urine 400-450 ml. In response, the stretch receptors on the walls of the bladder send signals to the CNS. The CNS passes on motor messages to initiate the contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causing the release of urine.

So, the correct answer is 'Urinary bladder'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following is used as artificial kidney in kidney failure patients?

  1. Filter

  2. Angiogram

  3. Dialysis

  4. Ventilation
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The process of filtering the blood by the artificial kidney is known as dialysis. It is a method of removing excess water, nitrogenous wastes (urea), toxins from the blood in the patient who is rapidly developing loss of kidney function. It is also called renal replacement therapy. Hence dialysis is used as artificial kidney in kidney failure patients.

So, the correct answer is 'Dialysis'.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Kidneys are located in

  1. The chest.

  2. The abdomen.

  3. The hands.

  4. The left side of body.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The kidneys are a pair of organs found along the posterior muscular wall of the abdominal cavity. They are attached to the dorsal body wall at the level of 12th thoracic to the 3rd lumbar vertebra in the abdominal cavity. Thus option B is the correct answer. 

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Match following.
1.Kidneys               (a) Air
2.Heart                  (b) Food
3.Lungs                 (c) Blood
4.Stomach            (d) Wastes

  1. 1 - a, 2 - c, 3 - d, 4 - d

  2. 1- d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - b

  3. 1 - c, 2 - d, 3 - b, 4 - a

  4. 1 - d, 2 - c, 3 - b, 4 - a
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
 Column 1  Column 2
 Kidneys  Wastes
 Heart  Blood
 Lungs  Air
 Stomach  Food
So, the correct option is '1- d, 2 - c, 3 - a, 4 - b'.
Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Kidneys, lungs, gills and sweat glands, are parts the of ........... system in animals.

  1. Digestive

  2. Excretory

  3. Blood circulation

  4. Nervous
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

One of the major organs of the excretory system are the kidneys. It's other major organ's are the urethra, sweat glands, lungs, and rectum. Gills in fish are part of the excretory system. The kidneys are very complex organs that play very important roles such as liquid waste is produced by the kidneys and stored in the muscular bladder. As blood flows through the capillaries, substances move from the blood through the capillary walls into the tubes. The urethra is a tube which connects the urinary bladder to the outside of the body. The urethra functions to both male and female bodies. It also functions as a passage for semen. There are two different types of sweat glands, the apocrine sweat glands, and the merocrine sweat glands. Both sweat glands contain muscle cells. Humans have two lungs, the left lung being divided into two lobes and the right with three. Lungs are what make you breathe and they also absorb water vapors. The rectum is about eight inches long and serves basically as storage for poop. 

So, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

.......... is not a part of excretory system in human being.

  1. Ureter

  2. Urethra

  3. Uterus

  4. Urinary bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The uterus or womb is a major female hormone-responsive reproductive sex organ of most mammals, including humans. One end, the cervix, opens into the vagina, while the other is connected to one or both fallopian tubes, depending on the species. It is within the uterus that the fetus develops during gestation, usually developing completely in placental mammals such as humans and partially in marsupials such as kangaroos and opossums. Two uteri usually form initially in a female and usually male fetus, and in placental mammals, they may partially or completely fuse into a single uterus depending on the species. In many species with two uteri, only one is functional. Ureter, urethra, and urinary bladder are parts of the excretory system.

So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice evs excretion in living organisms other systems in the body excretory system in human human excretory organs

Which of the following is not concerned with nitrogenous wastes?

  1. Skin

  2. Liver

  3. Kidney

  4. Lungs
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Nitrogenous waste products are generated during the breakdown of proteins by the cells as they catabolize amino acids to obtain energy. During the process of deamination, enzymes remove the amino group as ammonia which is highly toxic even in small quantities. In humans, this is combined with carbon dioxide to give urea and uric acid, which is thrown out by the function of the kidneys in the form of urine. 

So, the correct answer is option D.