Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Match the abnormal conditions given in Column A with their explanations given in Column B and choose the correct option.
    Column A                        Column B
A. Glycosuria                   (i) Accumulation of uric acid in joints 
B. Renal caculli                (ii) Inflammation in glomeruli 
C. Glomerular nephritis    (iii) Mass of crystalized salts within the kidney.
D. Gout                             (iv) Presence of glucose in urine 

  1. $A-(i), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(iv)$
  2. $A-(iii), B-(ii), C-(iv), D-(i)$
  3. $A-(iv), B-(iii), C-(ii), D-(i)$
  4. $A-(iv), B-(ii), C-(iii), D-(i)$
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Glycosuria is a condition characterized by an excess of sugar in the urine, typically associated with diabetes or kidney disease. Kidney stones, or renal calculi, are solid masses made of crystals. Glomerulonephritis is an inflammation of the tiny filters in the kidneys (glomeruli). Gout is a kind of arthritis caused by a buildup of uric acid crystals in the joints. 

So, the correct option is 'A−(iv),B−(iii),C−(ii),D−(i)'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Glomerulonephritis is 

  1. inflammation of glomeruli of kidney

  2. inflammation of liver

  3. presence of stone in glomerull of kidney

  4. tumour in glomeruli of kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the tiny filters in your kidneys (glomeruli). Glomeruli remove excess fluid, electrolytes, and waste from your bloodstream and pass them into your urine. 

So, the correct option is 'inflammation of glomeruli of kidney'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Diuresis is the condition in which 

  1. The excretory volume of urine increases

  2. The excretory volume of urine decreases

  3. The kidneys fail to excrete urine

  4. The water balance of the body is disturbed
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Diuresis is when the body has too many of certain substances in the fluid that the kidneys filter. Eventually, this fluid becomes urine and increases the amount of water expelled by the body, leading to increased or excessive urination. 

So, the correct option is 'The excretory volume of urine increases'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which of the following diseases shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain?

  1. Renal calculi

  2. Uremia

  3. Kidney failure

  4. Nephritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
Kidney stones are also called urine calculi. Urine calculi are small stones which are hard deposit in the kidneys and cause blockage of the kidney tubules and cause pain when are passed through the urinary stream. They are often calcium oxalate crystals. Hence the disease that shows the blockage of kidney tubules and causes severe back pain is Renal calculi.
So, the correct answer is 'Renal calculi'.
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

The accumulation of urea in the blood due to malfunctioning of kidneys is referred to as 

  1. Uremia

  2. Renal calculi

  3. Edema

  4. Glomerulonephritis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Urea is one of the primary component of the urine. Uremia is the condition having excess amount of urea in the blood. Uremia is the disease due to kidney failure, in which urea and other nitrogenous waste materials which should eliminated through urine are retained and accumulated in the blood.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

One of the following is not a component of kidney stones.

  1. Calcium Oxalate

  2. Calcium Phosphate

  3. Cholesterol

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Common kidney stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, or struvite. Cholesterol is a lipid associated with gallstones rather than kidney stones, making it the correct exception.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

In man, the kidney stones are formed due to

  1. Blockage by fats

  2. Deposition of sand in kidney

  3. Protein accumulation in kidneys

  4. Salts such as oxalates are crystallised in pelvis.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

In man, the kidney stones are formed due to salts such as oxalates are crystallised in pelvis.

  • A kidney stone is a hard, crystalline mineral material formed within the kidney or urinary tract.
  • Kidney stones form when there is a decrease in urine volume and/or an excess of stone-forming substances in the urine.
  • Dehydration is a major risk factor for kidney stone formation.
  • Symptoms of a kidney stone include flank pain (the pain can be quite severe) and blood in the urine (hematuria).
  • Diagnosis of kidney stones is best accomplished using an ultrasound, IVP, or a CT scan.
  • Treatment includes pain-control medications and, in some cases, medications to facilitate the passage of urine.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Which one of following statements is false?

  1. Presence of albumin in urine is albuminuria.

  2. Presence of glucose in urine is glycosuria.

  3. Presence of ketone sugar in urine is ketonuria.

  4. Presence of excess urea in blood is uremia.

  5. Presence of haemoglobin in urine is haemoglobinuria.

  6. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
F Correct answer
Explanation

Ketones are the end products of fatty acid metabolism in absence of glucose. These ketones are excreted through urine.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Occurrence of excess urea in blood due to kidney failure is

  1. Urochrome

  2. Uraemia

  3. Uricotelism

  4. Ureotelism
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Uremia is the presence of excess urea in the blood. It may occur due to chronic kidney disease or kidney failure. Hence occurrence of excess urea in the blood due to kidney failure is uremia.

So, the correct answer is 'Uraemia'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Uraemia is the occurrence of

  1. Blood in urine

  2. Excess of urea in blood

  3. Excess of sugar in blood

  4. Deficiency of sugar
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Uremia is caused by extreme and usually irreversible damage to your kidneys. This is usually from chronic kidney disease. The kidneys are no longer able to filter the waste from your body and send it out through your urine. Instead, that waste gets into your bloodstream, causing a potentially life-threatening condition.

So, the correct option is 'Excess of urea in blood'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Haemodialysis helps the patient having

  1. Goitre

  2. Anaemia

  3. Uremia

  4. Diabetes
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Hemodialysis is the most common type of dialysis. This process uses an artificial kidney (hemodialyzer) to remove waste and extra fluid from the blood. The blood is removed from the body and filtered through the artificial kidney. The filtered blood is then returned to the body with the help of a dialysis machine.

So, the correct option is 'Uremia'.