Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,152 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice zoology animal diversity - ii (phylum: chordata) circulatory system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system frog

In a uriniferous tubule, what is the short and tubular region, that follows the Bowman's capsule known as?

  1. Neck

  2. Proximal convoluted tubule

  3. Henle's loop

  4. Distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In a uriniferous tubule, 'Henle's loop' is the short and tubular region, that follows the Bowman's capsule.

So, the correct option is 'Henle's loop'.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

Organisms that excrete amino acid is

  1. Aminotelic

  2. Ammonotelic

  3. Ureotelic

  4. Uricotelic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Certain invertebrates like some molluscs (Unio, Limnaea, etc.) and some echinoderms (e.g., Asterias) excrete excess amino acids as such. These animals are called aminotelic and their mode of excretion is called aminotelism.

So, the correct option is 'Aminotelic'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

Which one of the following does not constitute a part of single uriniferous tubule?

  1. Distal convoluted tubule

  2. Collecting duct

  3. Bowman's capsule

  4. Loop of Henle
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Collecting ducts are the larger tubes, each receiving the collecting tubules of several nephrons. Collecting duct does not form a part of the uriniferous tubule.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

In which one of the following option excretory organs are correctly stated against the given organism?

  1. Humans - Kidneys, sebaceous glands and tear glands

  2. Earthworm - Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal

    nephridiaic

  3. Cockroach - Malpighian tubules and enteric caeca

  4. Frog - Kidneys, skin and buccal epithelium
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Three types of nephridia function as the excretory organ in Earthworm. These three types are-
i. Septal - It is attached to the internal septa from the 15$^{th}$ to the last segment.
ii. Integumentary - It is attached to the internal lining of body wall from the 3rd segment onwards.
iii. Pharyngeal- Paired tufts of nephridia in 3$^{rd}$, 4$^{th}$ and 5$^{th}$ segments.
Thus, the correct answer is 'Earthworm-Pharyngeal, integumentary and septal nephridia.'
Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion

Identify the wrong statement.

  1. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of echinoderms.

  2. Excess amino acids are excreted as such in aminotelic mode of excretion.

  3. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of birds.

  4. Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of Molluscs.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

The major mode of excretion in birds is uricotelism. Uricotelism is the excretion of uric acid and the animals which excrete uric acid are called uricotelic. For example, birds. Uric acid crystals are non-toxic and almost insoluble in water. Hence, these can be retained in the body for a considerable time. So, the correct answer is 'Aminotelism is the major mode of excretion of birds'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis excretion in other organisms other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion
Which of the following statements is correct about excretion in earthworm?
(i) Earthworm is mainly ureotelic
(ii) Septal nephridia, present on both sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15 to the last, open into intestine,
(iii) Integumentary nephridia, attached to lining of body wall of segment 3 to the last, open on the body surface.
(iv) Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure.
(v) Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of body fluids 

  1. (i) and (iv)

  2. (iv) and (v)

  3. (i), (ii), (iii)

  4. All of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Following are the correct statements about the excretion of earthworm: 

(i) Earthworm is mainly ureotelic.
(ii) Septal nephritis, present on both the sides of intersegmental septa of segment 15 to the last, that open into the intestine.
(iii) Integumentary nephritis, attached to the lining of the body wall of segment 3 to the last, open on the body surface.

(iv) Different types of nephridia are basically similar in structure.
(v) Nephridia regulate the volume and composition of the body fluids.

So, the correct answer is 'All of these'.

Multiple choice water potential water potential and pressure plant water relation transport in plants biology

As the glomerular filtrate courses the tubules, its composition and osmotic concentration changes, due to tubular reabsorption. Which of the following is incorrect match regarding the segment of nephron and osmotic concentration of filtrate?

  1. Segment of nephron -Proximal convoluted tubule Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Isotonic to blood plasma

  2. Segment of nephron -Descending limb of Henle's loop Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Hypertonic

  3. Segment of nephron -Ascending limb of Henle's loop Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Hypotonic

  4. Segment of nephron -Bowman's capsule Osmotic concentration of filtrate- Hypotonic
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The filtrate in the Proximal Convoluted Tubule (PCT) is isotonic to blood plasma because water and solutes are reabsorbed in equal proportions.

Multiple choice zoology biodiversity and its classifications vertebrates characteristics of vertebrates classification of organisms

Glomerular kidney occurs in fish

  1. Tilapia

  2. Cirrhinus

  3. Sphyrna

  4. Exocoetus
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
A. Tilapia is a freshwater cichlid fish. It is an edible fish and used as a source of food.
B. Cirrhinus is a genus of ray-finned fishes in the Carp family.
C. Sphyrna is a hammerhead shark. Its head is flattened and laterally enlarged into a hammer.
D. Exocoetus is known as flying fish. It has a powerful tail which helps it to take large jumps over the surface of the water. 
A glomerular kidney is present in Exocoetus. So, the correct answer is 'Exocoetus'.
Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

In a male frog, the ureters transfer

  1. Urine

  2. Sperms

  3. Both A and B

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In male frogs, each testis is located on the anterio-ventral margin of the kidney. From each testis, ten to twelve vasa efferentia emerge and enter the kidney to open into the Bidder's canal. The Bidder's canal helps in the transfer of sperms via the vasa efferentia. Vasa efferentia open into the Bidder's canal and the Bidder's canal is connected to longitudinal collecting tubules by means of a number of transverse collecting tubes and these longitudinal collecting tubules open into the ureter. Finally, they open into the urinogenital duct that emerges from the kidneys. So, the correct answer is option C.

Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

Ureter of male Frog has a swelling called vesicular seminalis. It

  1. Stores Urine

  2. Stores sperms

  3. Stores ova

  4. Both A and B
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

In frog, from the outer smooth convex posterior side of each kidney arises a mesonephric or wolffian duct or ureter which passes backwards to open into the dorsal side of cloaca. In the males, the ureter dilates just posterior to the kidney to form a vesicula seminalis. Its function is to store sperms. 

So, the correct answer is 'Stores sperms'. 

Multiple choice zoology frog introduction to reproduction reproductive system in frog frog - digestive system, circulatory system, excretory system and reproductive system

A nephron is devoid of loop of Henle in

  1. Man

  2. Rabbit

  3. Frog

  4. Dog
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Nephron of frog is short, it lacks Henle's loop because water conservation is not important in amphibians who reside near water. Whereas for other animals the loop of henle present in the nephron helps in water conservation. So, the correct answer is 'Frog'.

Multiple choice biology biology : an introduction introduction to organization of life signs of life what is living?

The removal of the wastes from the body is known as 

  1. Excretion

  2. Digestion

  3. Extraction

  4. Ingestion
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Excretion is process by which nitrogenous waste is thrown out of body. It is done to avoid toxicity in body by the waste, maintain pH and water level. It's done by various organs like kidney in human, nephridia in worms, etc.

So, the correct option is 'Excretion'.

Multiple choice biology excretion to maintain homeostasis kidney dialysis kidney disorders disorders of kidney

Renal calculi refers to the condition in which 

  1. tumor is present in the renal pelvis

  2. stone is formed in kidney

  3. infection occurs in the pelvis region

  4. urea accumulates in the blood
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation
Renal calculi or Kidney stones are solid masses made of crystals. Kidney stones usually originate in the kidneys. However, they can develop anywhere along the urinary tract.
So, the correct option is 'stone is formed in kidney'.