Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice

Water is not reabsorbed in

  1. proximal convoluted tubule

  2. descending limb of loop of Henle

  3. ascending limb of loop of Henle

  4. distal convoluted tubule
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Water is not reabsorbed in ascending limb of loop of Henle.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements is incorrect about nephrons?

  1. Tubular re-absorption does not occur in the nephron.

  2. The loop of Henle in nephron has a descending limb and an ascending limb.

  3. Nephrons are long tubular structures with a cup-shaped Bowman’s capsule.

  4. The amount of urine formed varies at different times.

  5. It has blood capillaries called glomeruli.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Tubular re-absorption of useful materials does occur in the long, tubular part of nephron.

Multiple choice

In which of the following cases is dialysis required for a person?

  1. If a kidney stone is there.

  2. If a person suffers from a heart attack.

  3. If one kidney is not functioning properly.

  4. If a person is bitten by a viper snake.

  5. If ultrafiltration does not happen in the kidney.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Even if one kidney is functioning, it can do ultrafiltration.

Multiple choice

Which of the following pairs is mismatched?

  1. Urethra: Narrow tubes that take urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

  2. Nephron: Structural and functional unit of the kidney

  3. Bowman’s Capsule: A cup-like sac that surrounds the glomerulus at the beginning of the nephron

  4. Loop of Henle: A U-shaped tubular structure that extends into the medulla of a nephron

  5. Renal cortex: Outer portion of the kidney between the renal capsule and the renal medulla
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Urethra: Duct from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body that receives urine from the bladder and carries it to the outside of the body Ureter:  The tubes made of smooth muscle fibers that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.

Multiple choice

Which of the following structures neutralizes the acidity caused due to the drops of urine in the urethra?

  1. Ejaculatory ducts

  2. Urethra

  3. Prostate gland

  4. Bulbourethral glands

  5. Seminal vesicles
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

These are pea-sized structures located on the sides of the urethra . These glands produce transparent, slippery fluid that serves to lubricate the urethra and to neutralize the acidity being present due to the drops of urine in the urethra.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding the human kidneys is true?

  1. The renal cortex lies inside the medulla.

  2. The left kidney lies lower than the right kidney.

  3. The renal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

  4. The link between the kidneys and the bladder is the urethra.

  5. The renal cortex contains selected glomeruli.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Both kidneys receive an arterial supply directly from the aorta, and the renal veins drain directly into the inferior vena cava.

Multiple choice

Which of the following statements regarding water balance and the kidney is correct?

  1. Aquaporin is the main hormone regulating water reabsorption.

  2. The key hormone regulating water reabsorption is secreted from the anterior pituitary gland.

  3. The vasa recta is the same structure as the loop of Henle.

  4. There is no limit to how much the body can concentrate urine.

  5. There are osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
E Correct answer
Explanation

There are osmoreceptors in the hypothalamus, which detect an increase in plasma osmolality. In response to input from these receptors and other stimuli, cells in the posterior pituitary gland release ADH.

Multiple choice

Nephron is a structural and functional unit of kidney. Which of the following statements characterises the excretion of acid by the mammalian nephron?

  1. Acid can be excreted as NH4+ ions.

  2. Acid excretion mainly occurs in the early nephron.

  3. In the distal nephron, secreted hydrogen ions mainly contribute to bicarbonate reabsorption.

  4. Sodium phosphate is a urinary base.

  5. Human urine is usually alkaline in nature.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

When hydrogen ions are secreted by the tubules, they can combine with NH3 to form NH4+ and so can be excreted as NH4+.

Multiple choice biology food components and nutrition water as nutrient basics of water pollution sources of water

When a litre of water is introduced in human blood, 

  1. BMR decreases

  2. RBCs collapse and urine production increases

  3. BMR increases

  4. RBCs collapse and urine production decreases
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Introducing a large volume of water into the blood decreases its osmolarity. This causes water to move into red blood cells (osmosis), potentially causing them to swell and burst (hemolysis), and triggers the kidneys to increase urine production to restore balance.

Multiple choice hepatic portal system components of the circulatory system transport in animals the circulatory system biology

Hepatic portal system connects

  1. Digestive system to liver.

  2. Kidney to liver.

  3. Liver to digestive system.

  4. Liver to kidney.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation
The venous system comprising of the hepatic portal vein and other veins. It is responsible for directing blood from the region of the gastrointestinal tract between the esophagus and rectum and also includes venous drainage from the supplementary organs such as the spleen to the liver. The hepatic system is so named since it connects capillaries of the intestine and other digestive organs to modified capillaries (hepatic sinusoids) of the liver. As intestinal blood is nutrient rich for few hours after having a meal, this system is able to detect available nutrients before the blood goes to rest of the body. It also plays the role in cleansing the blood by removing the bacteria and toxins present in it. Thus, the correct answer is option A.
Multiple choice hepatic portal system components of the circulatory system transport in animals the circulatory system biology

Both hepatic and renal portal systems are found in

  1. Fishes, amphibians, reptiles

  2. Amphibians, reptiles, mammals

  3. Reptiles, aves, mammals

  4. Cyclotomes, fishes, amphibians
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Hepatic (liver) portal system collects blood from the intestine and passes it to the liver and renal (kidney) portal system collects blood from renal glomeruli and passes it to peritubular plexus (the blood capillaries that surrounds the proximal and distal convoluted tubules). Both hepatic and renal portal systems are found in fishes, amphibians and reptiles. In mammals only hepatic portal system is present.

So, the correct answer is 'Fishes, amphibians and reptiles'.

Multiple choice chemistry the s-block elements (alkali and alkaline earth metals) biological importance of sodium and potassium biological importance of elements biological importance of s block elements biological importance of magnesium and calcium

Which are involved in various physiological functional in animals?

  1. $Na^{+}$
  2. $K^{+}$

  3. Both (a) and (b)

  4. None of these
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

$Na^{+}$,$K^{+}$,$Mg^{+2}$ and $Ca^{+2}$ ions are concentrated in animals.