Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The best kidney transplant can be carried out when

  1. Blood group of donor matches with the recipient.

  2. HLA of donor matches with the recipient.

  3. Glomerular rate of filtration of a donor matches with the recipient.

  4. Both A and B.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

Successful kidney transplantation requires compatibility in both blood type (to avoid acute hemolytic reactions) and HLA markers (to minimize immune-mediated rejection).

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

End-stage renal disease is an indication for

  1. Kidney viability.

  2. Kidney transplant.

  3. Glomerular filtration.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

End stage renal disease is the stage when both the kidneys have stopped functioning, the survival of the patient depends on dialysis which is a periodic process of cleaning the patient's blood of wastes or a non functional kidney is replaced through transplantation from a donor.

So, the correct answer is 'Kidney transplant'

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Which of the following medical procedure can be related to a kidney transplant?

  1. Ultrasound

  2. ECG

  3. HLA typing

  4. All of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

All listed procedures are standard in the evaluation process for a kidney transplant: Ultrasound for anatomical assessment, ECG for cardiac clearance, and HLA typing for immunological compatibility.

Multiple choice biology excretion - the wastage disposing system artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The post-surgery complications of a kidney transplant like infection and sepsis is caused due to the use of 

  1. Psychoactive drugs.

  2. Immunosuppressant.

  3. Analgesics.

  4. None of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Immuno-suppressant drugs are prescribed if a patient is suffering from an autoimmune disorder or has undergone an organ transplant like a liver, heart or kidney. This is done to prevent the organ from being damaged by the immune system of the recipient. However, as the immune system is being suppressed the patient/recipient may be prone to infections, sepsis or other pathological conditions.

So, the correct answer is 'Immunosuppressant'

Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

The transplant of a kidney from a monkey into human is rejected vigorously since it acts as a

  1. Autograft.

  2. Xenograft.

  3. Isograft.

  4. All of the above.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Monkey and humans have evolved into two distinct lineages and are distinct species and therefore have a dissimilar genetic composition. Any transplant between these two organisms is known as a xenograft. Which may be rejected vigorously due to greater than required MHC incompatibility.

So, the correct answer is 'Xenograft'


Multiple choice biology excretory system of human artificial kidney kidney transplant disorders of kidney

Which of the following type of donor is rejected during kidney transplant?

  1. Autograft

  2. Isograft

  3. Allograft

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Allograft is a tissue or organ transplanted from a donor to recipient of the same species but is genetically different and therefore may face rejection during kidney transplant due to distinct HLA proteins

So, the correct answer is 'Allograft'

Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control

In diabetes mellitus, the patient drinks more water as there is urinary loss of 

  1. Salt

  2. Insulin

  3. Protein

  4. Glucose
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation
Diabetes mellitus is a term that includes many metabolic disorders in which the body no longer produces insulin or uses the insulin it produces ineffectively. Insulin converts the sugar, starches and other food into energy needed for daily life. Thirst and frequent urination are two classic diabetes mellitus signs caused by high glucose levels in the blood. As kidneys work harder to filter out the glucose, they also pull more fluids from other tissues, which is why the patient urinates more often than usual. This is the way in which the body indicates that it needs to replenish the liquids it's losing. 
So, the correct answer is 'Glucose'
Multiple choice bio-chemistry carbohydrate metabolism diabetes mellitus lifestyle diseases coordination in human beings- chemical control non-infectious diseases

Which one of the following is correct for a normal human? 

  1. pH of urine is around 8.
  2. On an average, $75-80$ mg of urea is excreted via urine per day.

  3. Presence of ketone bodies in urine is a n indicator of diabetes mellitus.

  4. Relaxation of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous contraction of urethral sphincter causes the release of urine.
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation
In a person suffering from diabetes mellitus, degradation of fat increases resulting in the production of ketone bodies. These are acidic and poisonous and get excreted out in urine. Therefore, the presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus. pH of urine is $6$. On an average, $25-30$ gm of urea is excreted via urine daily. Contraction of smooth muscles of the bladder and simultaneous relaxation of the urethral sphincter causes the release of urine. 
So the correct answer is 'Presence of ketone bodies in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus.'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

The skin is the main excretory organ. 

  1. True

  2. False
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The statement "skin is the main excretory organ" is incorrect because in all chordates kidneys act as main excretory organ.

However, it has some sweat gender which excrete some water called sweat or perspiration.

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Which of the following organ do not serve a role in excreting metabolic wastes?

  1. Skin

  2. Large intestine

  3. Lungs

  4. Liver

  5. Kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

The skin has sweat glands that excrete perspiration (salt, water, and nitrogenous wastes) through its pores. 

Lungs help in removing carbon dioxide from the body which is the metabolic waste during respiration.
Liver excretes bile, which contains bile pigments.
Kidney helps in removing nitrogenous wastes like urine, formed during excretion. While large intestine excretes the waste formed in the small intestine but itself does not take park in digestion. Thus, the correct answer is option B.

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Which one of the following does not play a role in excretion of metabolic wastes?

  1. Skin

  2. Large intestine

  3. Lungs

  4. Liver

  5. Kidney
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Skin serves in excretion of waste material through the process of sweating. Large intestine serves to reabsorb water and essential minerals from the undigested food and to store it till it is excreted at the anus. Lungs serve in excretion via expiration. The liver serves in the formation of urea which is then excreted by kidneys. Kidneys are the organs of urine formation. This makes option B correct answer as large intestine only stores the undigested material; it does not excrete it directly.