Biology

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology

1,215 Questions

Human excretion and kidney physiology questions test your understanding of the excretory system, including the role of renal tubules and glomerular filtration. You will also find topics on urine formation, body water absorption, and excretory products. This section is vital for medical and general science exam preparation.

Glomerular filtrationRenal tubule absorptionExcretory productsRole of sodium ionsHuman excretory system

Human Excretion and Kidney Physiology Questions

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Skin is said to play an important role in excretion due to presence of

  1. Sweat glands

  2. Sebaceous glands

  3. Hair follicles

  4. Hair cells
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Sweat glands secrete a fluid called sweat that contains water and dissolved salts of Calcium, Sodium, Magnesium etc Thus, it helps in excreting water and salts to some extent by a process called sweating or perspiration. 

So, the correct answer is 'Sweat glands'

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

The elimination of insoluble calcium phosphate takes place by

  1. Liver

  2. Kidney

  3. Large intestine

  4. Skin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Insoluble waste products, including certain mineral salts like calcium phosphate that are not absorbed by the body, are eliminated through the large intestine as part of feces.

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Terrestrial animals must

  1. Excrete large amounts of urine

  2. Conserve water

  3. Actively pump out salts through skin

  4. Excrete large amount of salts in urine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Since terrestrial animals do not have automatic access to either fresh or salt water, they must regulate water content in other ways, balancing off gains and losses.


So, the correct answer is 'Conserve water'.

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Which of the following organs synthesizes urea?

  1. Duodenum

  2. Kidney

  3. Liver

  4. Pancreas
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Ammonia which is the major form of nitrogenous waste generated in the body is converted urea in the liver and excreted through the urine by the kidneys. Thus, the correct option is C.

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Accessory excretory human organ is

  1. Skin

  2. Skin and liver

  3. Skin and lungs

  4. Skin, lungs, liver and intestine
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
D Correct answer
Explanation

The accessory excretory organs are:-

  • Skin -contains sweat glands which remove toxic salts from the body 
  • Liver -used for excretion of cholesterol pigment. 
  • Kidney -excrete toxic liquid in form of urine. 
  • Lungs-excrete harmful gases from body. 
  • Large intestine -remove undigested food material from body
So, the correct option is 'Skin, lungs, liver and intestine'.
Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Ureotelic organisms like mammals excrete urea in their urine, that is formed in

  1. spleen

  2. kidney

  3. liver

  4. gall bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

(A) Spleen - Primarily acts as blood filter. 

(B) Kidney - Kidneys are two bean-shaped organs in the renal system. They help the body pass waste as urine. They also help filter blood before sending it back to the heart. 
(C) Liver - Mammals, many terrestrial amphibians and marine fishes mainly excrete urea and are called ureotelic animals. Ammonia produced by metabolism is converted into urea in the liver of these animals and released into the blood which is filtered and excreted out by the kidneys.
(D) Gall bladder - The bile secreted by the hepatic cells passes through the hepatic ducts and is stored and concentrated in a thin muscular sac called the gall bladder. 
So the correct option is Liver. 

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Which of the following is not a nitrogenous waste; that must be excreted from the body?

  1. Uric acid

  2. Faeces

  3. Urea

  4. Ammonia
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Metabolic wastes are substances left over from a metabolic process which cannot be used by the organisms and must, therefore, be excreted. This includes nitrogen compounds. The nitrogen compounds through which excess nitrogen is eliminated from the organism are called nitrogenous wastes. They are ammonia, urea, uric acid, and creatinine. 

So the correct option is feaces. 

Multiple choice zoology excretion to maintain homeostasis other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs excretion in other organisms

Choose the correct answers from the following given.
In which of the following human structures are you least apt to find urine?

  1. Large intestine

  2. Urethra

  3. Ureter

  4. Bladder
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

The large intestine is the part of the digestive system. Whereas the excretory system of humans consists of two kidneys, two ureters, one urinary bladder, and one urethra. Urine is found in almost all excretory system parts(little or more).

So the correct answer is large intestine.

Multiple choice zoology excretory system of human other excretory organ role of other organs in excretion accessory excretory organs

Which one is not an excretory organ?

  1. Skin

  2. Kidneys

  3. Intestine

  4. Liver
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

In humans, kidneys are the chief excretory organ, other than kidneys, lungs, liver, and skin also help in the elimination of excretory wastes. Lungs remove a large amount of carbon dioxide and the significant amount of water every day. The liver secretes bile containing substances like bilirubin, biliverdin, degraded steroid hormones, vitamins. Most of these substances pass along with digestive wastes. Skin contains sweat glands through which NaCl, the small amount of urea, lactic acid etc are secreted. The intestine is not an excretory organ but it is a digestive organ.

So, the correct answer is 'Intestine'.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which of the following is NOT produced by kidneys?

  1. Calcitriol

  2. Erythropoietin

  3. Angiotensinogen

  4. Renin
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
C Correct answer
Explanation

Calcitrol is produced by the cells of the proximal tubule of the nephron in the kidneys. Erythropoietin is also produced by the kidney. Renin is secreted by the juxtaglomerular kidney cells. Angiotensinogen is a component of the renin-angiotensin (RAS) system and is released into circulation mainly by the liver. So, the correct answer is 'Angiotensinogen'. 

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Renin is released from

  1. Juxta glomerular apparatus

  2. Cortical nephron

  3. Collecting duct

  4. Pelvis
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Renin is the enzyme secreted by the juxta glomerulus of the kidney to the bloodstream. It regulates the blood pressure by converting the angiotensinogen protein to angiotensin I and then further into the angiotens II

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Enzyme released from kidney is

  1. Renin

  2. Uricase

  3. Pepsin

  4. None of the above
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
A Correct answer
Explanation

Renin is the enzyme secreted by the kidney. Juxa glomerular cells present in kidney release renin. It activates the renin-angiotensin system and produces a rise in blood pressure.  It has stretch receptors in the vascular walls which sense changes in renal perfusion pressure.

So, the correct answer is option A.

Multiple choice biology chemical coordination and integration kidney hormones coordination in human beings- chemical control endocrine system in humans

Which one increases glomerular pressure?

  1. Renin

  2. Angiotensin

  3. Aldosterone

  4. ADH
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

  • Angiotensin is a polypeptide that narrow blood vessels and thus regulates arterial pressure. 
  • Angiotensin not only constricts blood vessels all over the body in order to increase systemic blood pressure, but it also works in the kidneys in order to maintain blood pressure in the glomerulus(glomerular pressure) so that the glomerular filtration rate stays normal even in the condition when blood pressure is low. Hence, angiotensin increases glomerular pressure.
So, the correct answer is 'angiotensin'.

Multiple choice bio-chemistry organization of life concept of metabolism metabolism in animals metabolism

Which of the following is not metabolised in human body and therefore, used in determining glomerular filtration rate?

  1. Insulin

  2. Inulin

  3. Cellulose xanthate

  4. Toxic ketones
Reveal answer Fill a bubble to check yourself
B Correct answer
Explanation

Inulin is an indicator of GFR because, it is neither reabsorbed into the blood after filtration nor secreted through peritubular capillaries, amount of inulin cleared through the urine is indicative of the amount of plasma filtered by body's glomeruli.

So, the correct option is 'Inulin'.