Tag: digestion and absorption

Questions Related to digestion and absorption

Deoxygenated blood is processed by

  1. Hepatocytes

  2. Neurocytes

  3. Lymphocytes

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • The liver receives blood supply from two sources. 
  • The first is the hepatic artery which delivers oxygenated blood from the general circulation. 
  • The second is the hepatic portal vein delivering deoxygenated blood from the small intestine containing nutrients. Hence, Deoxygenated blood is processed by hepatocytes.
So, the correct answer is 'hepatocytes'.

Arterioles provide ___ to liver.

  1. Oxygen

  2. Protein

  3. Energy

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

  • An arteriole is a small-diameter blood vessel in the microcirculation that extends and branches out from an artery and leads to capillaries.
  • The liver receives blood from two major blood vessels. The hepatic arterioles bring oxygen-rich blood from the heart.
  • The hepatic portal vein brings blood rich in digested nutrients from the intestine. This means excess nutrients can be removed and stored before blood circulates around the body. Hence Arterioles provides oxygen to the liver.
So, the correct answer is 'oxygen'.

Cystic artery supplies blood to

  1. Kidney

  2. Heart

  3. Gall bladder

  4. None of the above


Correct Option: C
Explanation:
The common hepatic artery further bifurcates into the left and right hepatic arteries to deliver blood the left and right sides of the liver. As the right hepatic artery approaches the gallbladder, it branches off to form the cystic artery, which supplies the gallbladder and cystic duct with oxygenated blood. Hence, the cystic artery supplies blood to the gall bladder.

So, the correct answer is 'gall bladder'.

Before the blood carrying the products of digested food, returns to heart, it first passes through capillary network in the 

  1. Liver

  2. Kidneys

  3. Brain

  4. Spleen


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

Blood is carried to the liver via two large vessels: the hepatic artery carries oxygen-rich blood from the aorta, and the portal vein carries blood containing digested food from the small intestine. The hepatic portal vein is a blood vessel that conducts blood from the gastrointestinal tract and spleen to the liver. This blood is rich in nutrients that have been extracted from food, and the liver processes these nutrients; it also filters toxins that may have been ingested with the food. The liver receives about 75% of its blood through the hepatic portal vein, with the remainder coming from the hepatic artery proper. The blood leaves the liver to the heart in the hepatic veins.

The exchange of materials between the blood and the interstitial fluid occurs only in the

  1. Veins

  2. Capillaries

  3. Arteries

  4. Arterioles


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

Capillaries are essential for the delivery of oxygen to the tissues and the exchange of nutrients between blood and interstitial fluid surrounding the cells. This function is well supported by the anatomy of the vessels. The thin walls of the capillaries are composed of a single layer of endothelial cells. As a result, gasses such as oxygen and carbon dioxide can diffuse through their walls, as can lipid soluble substances.
Capillaries also play an important role in regulating the relative volume of the blood and interstitial fluid by allowing a bulk flow through their walls. This exchange of water and solutes occurs in response to the pressure gradient across the capillary wall.
Therefore, the correct answer is option B.

The cells constituting the walls of the blood capillaries are known as

  1. Parietal cells

  2. Haemocytes

  3. Chondrocytes

  4. Endothelial cells


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

The endothelium is a type of epithelium that lines the interior surface of organs. It is present in the inner lining of blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, forming an interface between circulating blood or lymph in the lumen and the rest of the vessel wall. It is a thin layer of simple squamous cells called endothelial cells. Whereas hemocyte is a blood cell, especially in an invertebrate, parietal cells (also known as oxyntic or delomorphous cells), are the epithelial cells that secrete hydrochloric acid (HCl) and intrinsic factor and chondrocyte is a cell that has secreted the matrix of cartilage and become embedded in it. Thus, option D is correct.

A patient in a hospital is undergoing a treatment for some disorder. A machine hemodialyzer is being used to treat the patient. There is an inlet through which blood from patient's body is entering the machine and an outlet tube from the machine is entering the patient body. The organ likely to be affected in the patient body. The organ likely to be affected in the patient and the blood in inlet and outlet tube respectively will be

  1. Lungs, oxygen poor, oxygen rich

  2. Lungs, oxygen rich, oxygen poor

  3. Kidney, urea poor, urea rich

  4. Kidney, urea rich, urea poor


Correct Option: D
Explanation:

In order for blood to perform its essential functions of bringing nutrients and oxygen to the cells of the body, and carrying waste materials away from those cells, the chemical composition of the blood must be carefully controlled. Blood contains particles of many different sizes and types, including cells, proteins, dissolved ions, and organic waste products. Some of these particles, such as proteins like hemoglobin, are essential for the body. Others, such as urea (a waste product from protein metabolism), must be removed from the blood or they will accumulate and interfere with normal metabolic processes. But the largest responsibility for maintaining the chemistry of the blood falls to the kidneys, a pair of organs located just behind the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is the job of the kidneys to remove the harmful particles from the blood and to regulate the blood's ionic concentrations, while keeping the essential particles in the blood. Dialysis is a process for removing waste and excess water from the blood and is used primarily as an artificial replacement for lost kidney function in people with kidney failure.

Therefore, the correct answer is option D.

Digestion of protein takes place in

  1. Duodenum and stomach

  2. Stomach and oesophagus

  3. Small and large intestine

  4. Intestine and rectum


Correct Option: A

Which of the following is incorrect regarding the given digestion and absorption of protein?

  1. The breakdown of proteins to peptides is catalyzed by pepsin in the stomach and by the pancreatic enzymes trypsin and chymotrypsin in the small intestine.

  2. Peptides are broken down into amino acids by pancreatic carboxypeptidase and intestinal aminopeptidase.

  3. Small peptides consisting of two or three amino acids can diffuse through the epithelial cell and broken down into carbon dioxide and ammonia which are released into the blood.

  4. None of these


Correct Option: B
Explanation:

  • Digestion of protein is initiated in the stomach by the enzyme pepsin.
  • In the small intestine, further digestion is done by trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase into dipeptidase that releases from the pancreas.
  • Dipeptidase are broken into amino acids by intestinal dipeptidase.
  • These amino acids are absorbed actively by walls of intestine and release in the bloodstream.
  • These are utilized by tissues and broken down into carbon dioxide and ammonia.
  • Proteins require maximum energy to digest.

So the correct option is 'Peptides are broken down into amino acids by pancreatic carboxypeptidase and intestinal aminopeptidase.'

How does pepsinogen change into its active form?

  1. In the presence of hydrochloric acid

  2. In the presence of trypsin

  3. In the presence of  bile

  4. In the presence of carboxypeptidae


Correct Option: A
Explanation:

 Parietal cells of stomach secrets hydrochloric acid which convert inactive pepsinogen to partially active pepsinogen, partially activates pepsinogen then cleaves the peptide from other pepsinogen molecules to form active pepsin which converts protein into proteases and peptides.

So, the correct answer is 'In the presence of hydrochloric acid'.