Tag: digestion and absorption

Questions Related to digestion and absorption

Consider the following four statements. and select the correct option stating which ones are true (T) and which ones are false (F).
(i) The stomach has the lowest pH.
(ii) The liver contains lipid emulsifier.
(iii) Large intestine secretes many enzymes.
(iv) All proteases function in the lumen of small intestine.

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. T F T F

  2. F T F T

  3. F F T T

  4. T T F F

Show answer
Correct Option: D

Largest digestive gland in the human body is

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. Liver

  2. Pancreas

  3. Gall bladder

  4. None of the above

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The digestive glands associated with the alimentary canal include the salivary glands, the liver and the pancreas. Liver is the largest gland of the body weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in an adult human. It is situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm and has two lobes. The hepatic lobules are the structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form of cords. Each lobule is covered by a thin connective tissue sheath called the Glissons capsule. The bile secreted by the hepatic cells passes through the hepatic ducts and is stored and concentrated in a thin muscular sac, called the gall bladder. The duct of gall bladder (cystic duct) along with the hepatic duct from the liver forms the common bile duct.

Liver is the largest gland and is associated with various functions, choose one which is not correct. 

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. Metabolism of carbohydrate

  2. Digestion of fat

  3. Formation of bile

  4. Secretion of hormone called gastrin

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Gastrin is a peptide hormone that stimulates secretion of gastric acid by the parietal cells of the stomach.

So, the correct option is 'Secretion of hormone called gastrin'.

Liver does not store which of the following

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. Vitamin A

  2. Vitamin B

  3. Fats

  4. Bile pigments

  5. Both C and D

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Fat builds up in the liver cells, when the liver fails to break down, transfer and store fat effectively, causing abnormal liver function and inflammation, which can lead to liver scarring (known as cirrhosis). The main pigment in bile, bilirubin, is a waste product that is formed from hemoglobin (the protein that carries oxygen in the blood) and is excreted in bile. About half the bile secreted between meals flows directly through the common bile duct into the small intestine. The rest of the bile is diverted through the cystic duct into the gallbladder to be stored. Liver stores the fat soluble vitamins (A,D, E & K) and Vit B12.

Fibrinogen is formed in the

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. Bone marrow.

  2. Lungs.

  3. Liver.

  4. WBCs.

Show answer
Correct Option: C
Explanation:

Fibrin is a tough protein substance that is arranged in long fibrous chains; it is formed from fibrinogen, a soluble protein that is produced by the liver and found in blood plasma. In the clotting mechanism, fibrin threads form a meshwork for the basis of a blood clot. Most of the fibrinogen in the circulating blood is formed in the liver.

Cell organelle showing xenobiotics with the help of cytochrome $P450$ is also involved in

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. Glycosylation process

  2. Glycolate oxidation or metabolism

  3. Glycogen metabolism

  4. Glyoxylate metabolism

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:
Cytochrome P450 is an enzyme found in cell organelles such as mitochondria and is involved in the metabolism of xenobiotics. Glyoxalate cycle involves the production of glucose from fatty acids and a part of the cycle also occurs in the mitochondria. Therefore, the cell organelle involved in xenobiotic metabolism with the help of cytochrome P450 is also involved in glyoxalate metabolism. 
So, the correct option is 'Glyoxalate metabolism'.

Glycogenesis refers to

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. Conversion of glycogen to glucose.

  2. Breakdown of glucose to form pyruvate.

  3. Breakdown of pyruvate to form glucose.

  4. Conversion of glucose to glycogen.

Show answer
Correct Option: D
Explanation:

Glycogenesis is the process of glycogen synthesis, in which glucose molecules are added to chains of glycogen for storage. This process is activated during rest periods following the Cori cycle, in the liver, and also activated by insulin in response to high glucose levels. Mostly glycogenesis occurs in the liver.

A young infant may be feeding entirely on mother's milk which is white in colour but the stools which the infant passes out is quite yellowish. The yellow colour of stool is due to

biology digestion and absorption liver functions of the liver secretory organs

  1. bile pigments passed through bile juice

  2. undigested milk protein casein

  3. pancreatic juice poured into duodenum

  4. intestinal juice.

Show answer
Correct Option: A
Explanation:

The yellow colour of the stools is due to the presence of bile pigments. Bile pigments are the excretory products. Bile is a bitter-tasting greenish-yellow alkaline fluid produced by the liver and stored in the gall bladder and secreted into the duodenum. It assists the digestion and absorption of fats by the action of bile salts, which chemically reduce fatty substances and decrease the surface tension of fat droplets so that they are broken down and emulsified. So, the correct answer is (a).