Tag: digestion and absorption

1.  Deamination is the process by which amino acids are broken down if there is an excess of protein intake. It is the removal of an amine group from a molecule in the presence of an enzyme called Deaminase. It takes place in the liver. This process allows the system to convert excess amino acids into usable resources such as hydrogen and carbon and also plays a vital role in removing nitrogen waste from the body. Hence deamination occurs in the Liver. 

Liver stores fats in a small amount. Hepatic cells plays an important part in fat metabolism. The storage of fats increases in the liver of alcohol addict persons. This is commonly called as fatty liver. The excess storage of fats decreases the activity of liver. The damage of liver due to alcohol intake is called as alcoholic liver cirrhosis.

Human alimentary canal or gastrointestinal tract associates wit salivary glands, liver, pancreas, small intestine etc. The adrenal glands are endocrine glands that produce a wide variety of hormones. They are found above the kidneys and consist of a number of different layers that directly influence the structure and function of the glands. It is not associated with alimentary canal. Thus, option B is correct. 

Jaundice is caused by a build-up of bilirubin in the blood and tissues of the body. Any condition that disrupts the movement of bilirubin from the blood to the liver and out of the body can cause jaundice. There are three types of jaundice, depending on what is affecting the movement of bilirubin out of the body. Pre-hepatic jaundice occurs when a condition or infection speeds up the breakdown of red blood cells. This causes bilirubin levels in the blood to increase, triggering jaundice. Intra-hepatic jaundice happens when a problem in the liver for example, damage due to infection or alcohol, disrupts the livers ability to process bilirubin. Post-hepatic jaundice is triggered when the bile duct system is damaged, inflamed or obstructed, which results in the gallbladder being unable to move bile into the digestive system.

Hepatocytes are metabolic superachievers in the body. They play critical roles in synthesizing molecules that are utilized elsewhere to support homeostasis, in converting molecules of one type to another and in regulating energy balances. Excess glucose entering the blood after a meal is rapidly taken up by the liver and sequestered as the large polymer, glycogen (a process called glycogenesis). Later, when blood concentrations of glucose begin to decline, the liver activates other pathways which lead to depolymerization of glycogen (glycogenolysis) and export of glucose back into the blood for transport to all other tissues. Excretion, digestion and histolysis are not the functions of liver. Thus, option D is correct.

The human liver carries out more than 500 metabolic functions, includ­ing the detoxification of harmful substances in the body. Over 2 quarts of blood pass through this important organ every minute of every day, filter­ing and transforming chemicals to keep the body clean. The liver also pro­duces bile into which fat-soluble toxins are attached and then discharged into the gastrointestinal tract.

The liver is the largest gland of the body weighing about 1.2 to 1.5 kg in an adult human. It is situated in the abdominal cavity, just below the diaphragm and has two lobes.  The bile secreted by the hepatic cells is released into the duodenum contains bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), bile salts, cholesterol and phospholipids but no enzymes.  The bile secreted is a yellowish-green fluid that aids in the emulsification of fats. Bile is not an enzyme, but it does contain bile salts that emulsify large fat droplets. Hence, the liver does not produce digestive enzymes.

So, the correct answer is 'liver'.

Liver is the largest gland of the body. It plays a prominent role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, fats. It converts excess of glucose into glycogen and thus regulates sugar level in blood. It plays a major role in the breakdown of hemologbin. Thus option D is the correct answer. 

Bile or gall is a dark green to yellowish brown fluid, produced by the liver of most vertebrates, that aids the digestion of lipids in the small intestine. In humans, bile is produced continuously by the liver (liver bile) and stored and concentrated in the gallbladder (gallbladder bile). After eating, this stored bile is discharged into the duodenum. Bile is not secreted by small intestine, large intestine or pancreas.