Tag: digestion and absorption

During osteogenesis, the degradation of the cartilage matrix is mediated by enzymes secreted into the extracellular space, characterizing it as an extracellular lysosomal activity.

Trypsin is protein digesting enzyme present in the intestine of animals. Though it cannot digest casein (a milk protein), in predator animals drinking the blood of their prey, trypsin hydrolyzes fibrinogen of blood into fibrin, leading to blood coagulation thus help in blood digestion. It also activates other pancreatic proteases.

Digestion is the breakdown of food into smaller components that can be more easily absorbed and assimilated by the body. These smaller substances are absorbed through the small intestine into the blood stream.

In humans, food is broken down in the digestive tract (stomach and intestines), which is outside the body's cells, classifying it as extracellular digestion.

• The starch, proteins and fats in food get digested by digestive enzymes and get converted into simpler components and this type of digestion is called extracellular digestion.
• The starches and some glycogen in food get hydrolysed inside the mouth while the food is swallowed by ptyalin or salivary amylase enzyme in the saliva.
  
• So, the correct answer is 'All of the above'.

In Planaria, digestion involves both the modes, ie, extracellular as well as intracellular. Fats are normally digested extracellularly, while other food components are digested intracellularly.
The intracellular digestion is done by amoeboid cells lining the intestine. Digested food diffuses to the surrounding mesenchyme. 

Hydra exhibits both extracellular digestion (in the gastrovascular cavity) and intracellular digestion (in the cells lining the cavity).

The digestion in sponges is intracellular. It takes place in coenocytic oral cells. The movement of water initiated by the coenocyteS. It helps in the digestion and respiratory system of sponges because along with the water they also transport oxygen. They then push out carbon dioxide which is a waste material out of the sponge body.

• Food is one of the basic requirements of all living organisms. 
  
• The major components of our food are carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Vitamins and minerals are also required in small quantities.  
• Biomacromolecules in food cannot be utilised by our body in their original form. They have to be broken down and converted into simple substances in the digestive system. 
• This process of conversion of complex food substances to simple absorbable forms is called digestion and is carried out by our digestive system by mechanical and biochemical methods. Hence, In a general sense, digestion is simply hydrolysis of complex polymers to monomers.